A written summary of the article .The Ordinary Heroes of Taj Assignment

A written summary of the article .The unremarkable Heroes of Taj - Assignment ExampleGuests at the Japanese restaurant within the hotel were in like manner caught up in the attack. They were instructed to c over up beneath their tables, and the waiters formed a human shield between them and the attackers. Later, upon evacuation, the guests were allowed to leave first with the staff pursuit close behind. The head waiter who was in charge, Thomas Varghese, did not make it out since the attackers shot him as he was the last one to leave the room.During the attack, 31 people lost their lives, 11 of whom were staff members at the hotel. Most of the dead staff members had sacrificed their lives to protect their guests from getting hurt during the incident. There was wide acclaim over the dedication of the staff at the hotel due to the manner in which they conducted themselves not only were they calm, but they also went out of their way to help their guests to safety (Raina and Rohit, 5 ).This level of commitment by employees had not seen before, given that there were no official policies that existed at the time to deal with such a scenario. The human resource coming used at the hotel hires people based on devotion and integrity and trains them for 18 months six more(prenominal) than the regular 12 months in other establishments. The result was a team of loyal employees who had the best interests of the customers at the core of all their

Offenders Rights CJ202 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Offenders Rights CJ202 - Research Paper ExampleOn the other hand, offenders are given free legal counsel in law courts than victims of crime (Gilmore, 2011).The contingency of being an offender should not exonerate anyone from being dehumanized. For these reason, legislative directives have been established through discordant policies to ensure offenders enjoy certain rights even as they serve their respective jail terms or court directives. The main purpose of the establishment of the policy is to ensure that offenders get relevant protections which include grooming of basic needs and services. Among the needs that offenders have got the rights to be provided with include shelter, food, medical care, spirituality and general individualised cleanliness.Various legislations and policies that have been put in place to carter for offenders include the offenders being given religious freedom, ethnic and cultural practice.Secondly, offenders have too been given the right to enjoy so me degree of controlled privacy. Offenders have excessively been bestowed rights of participance in case plans and offenders treatment. They can access guidance services and, supervision and support.Moreover, it is a stipulated rights of offenders to enjoy an cash dispenser free from inhuman treatment, abuse, negligence and general harassment (Parekh, 1999).Offenders are also allowed to access adequate medical services. This means that the fact that one is an offender should not prevent him or her from accessing medical care when sick. Offenders should also be on a regular basis provided with food that considers nutritional contents just give care any non offenders. The relatives and friends of the offender should not be barred from visitation. Though offenders, the should be provided with a clean milieu and secure surroundings that do not in any way pose any security measures lapses to them(Gilmore,2011).Rights to learn and

Exam #2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam 2 - Essay ExampleBy implementing this weapons platform, the connection gets the following benefitsLight and special duty program offers cost savings opportunity for the company to control workers compensation and disability costs. A well developed Light and modified duty program must contain the senior managements support and cultural acceptance by the hole management of the program. In addition, a well-made light/modified duty program contains a expound job description for each task done in the workplace. Potential questions include A). will on that point be a rising cost of workers compensation and healthcare? the answer to this question is no, the program in conjunction with the transitional duty will manage this. Also, it is more efficient to pay an employee working at 50% as opposed to paying for workers compensations which is 0% productivity to the company. B). in case of injury, which will be responsible? The answer to this question is, the responsible individuals i nclude the wound employee, supervisor, and program coordinatora. Family medical leave act- single serious health conditions of the employee constitutes a modified work program. This act is only relevant in cases where the employee has a serious accident, with the approval of a medical practioner.b. The Americans with disabilities act- This act enables employers to make permanent reservations for employees who are modify. This means that disabled employees do light duty task. If no outcome is predestined for the light duty program and the employer requests no follow up information, the employer may be sued. Although the employee may be working under the light and modified duty programs, follow up data is necessary.c. Workers compensation statutes- Actual disabilities qualify someone for this act and for a modified work program. An employer may be sued if found to make a sick or injured employee work as

Outlining and Identifying the Characteristics of the Flora and Fauna Essay

Outlining and Identifying the Characteristics of the Flora and Fauna - search ExampleGaines, and S.D. 2007). Each organism found in this habitat has a different adaptation to change magnitude survival levels in environments with harsh extremes. A rocky shore can typically be stranded into different partitions each zone has a wealth of species that inhabit it. The splash zone, which is also the spray zone, normally occurs above the spring high tide line. The organisms here have adaptations to cope with high exposure to nisus and different temperature extremes due to different seasonal fluctuations. The intertidal zone can be split into one-third different sections the high intertidal area, the low intertidal region and the middle intertidal. The high intertidal zone is mainly hit with the highest of tides. The middle intertidal zone is regularly exposed and submerged by fairish tides. The low intertidal zone borders the shallow sub tidal zone and is primary marine in character. Shores with vertical zonation are similar globally. Zonation zones are classified by the different exposure levels to waves and also by the organisms that occur in these areas. Many a biotic factors whitethorn influence the result of a relative survey of rocky shore biota. The geological factors such as the surface texture of surrounding rocks may influence the organisms found as they may need to be adapted to attach to the surface (Kitching, J.A. Little, C. 1996).

Is there a relationship between early education and the development of Research Proposal

Is there a kind between advance(prenominal) education and the development of social and wound up skills of children - Research Proposal ExampleAlso, self perceptions ab break nearly attributes are formed by values placed on such attributes by a tillage or society (Szente). The literature findings supports how early education is effective at laying a firm foundation for later success and increases school readiness. A study allow be conducted to find out if children who experience early education have better social and emotional skills than their counterparts who did not have preschool education. This radical is of importance to me as a previous early educator and future School Counselor because it is sight that because of the current wave of accountability, it appears that developmentally appropriate practice in the early years which includes social and emotional skills are not receiving much emphasis.Children need the ability to communicate emotions effectively and to listen to instructions. Children need the skills to clobber problems. Research has established that preschoolers and the other educational settings are vital to the psychosocial, ethical and moral development of children (Paccione-Dyslewski & Boekamp, 2005). How goat every child be exposed to have a dogmatic experience through a model from parents, guardians, caregivers, and teachers? According to Szente (2007), a positive experience can lead children to move in positive directions while an abusive experience leave alone create barriers for future success.The purpose of the study is toexplore the relationship between early education and the development of social and emotional skills in young children. This study will be conducted through observations of students in kindergarten and first grade classrooms in a title 1 school. Teachers and parents will be interviewed. This is an attempt to find out if emotional and social skills improve students act in grade school. The hope is to add to the research about quality early education that addresses the proficient range of social, emotional and academic

Research design paper Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Design paper - Research Proposal ensample unite States ranks near the bottom in terms of low elector reverseout2. This inquiry seeks to institute whether campaigns, elector mobilization, voter education and voting practices and barriers proceed voter turnout in presidential elections in the United States of America. The research besides seeks to explain how the aforementioned vari equals affect voter turnout levels. Previous studies have provided roughly information as to why some registered citizens resolve to vote while others do not. However, such research has not explained sufficiently whether voter mobilization, voter education and voting practices and barriers affect voter turnout in presidential elections in the United States of America, and how these variables determine voter turnout levels in presidential elections. This paper adopts the economic consumption of secondary sources to test hypotheses. Voter turnout in every subsequent US presidential election has bee n eminenter than the previous turnout. Finding reliable inferences pertaining to the research question will be crucial in predicting how various factors may affect future elections. Voter outcome speculators will excessively be able to make their predictions with greater degrees of precision. Future researchers may use the information acquired by this study in their surveys. The findings of this study are vital because electoral bodies may also use the inferences to implement changes that will ensure high voter turnout levels in future. The key terms in this study include voter turn out and voter mobilization. Voter turnout is the absolute of people who vote in the election, mostly thrifty in percentage3. Voter mobilization is influencing voters to pay attention to campaigns and vote in favour of a trus iirthy party. Literature Review Voter turn out in presidential elections is driven by several(prenominal) factors. Eligibility formalities and campaign stimuli are some of the d eterminants of voter turn out. Also, stiff competition increases the chances of most of the desirable and registered voters to vote. The United States of America prevents many or most of the convicted offenders from voting4. Such suppressed votes may have make a substantial difference in U.S national and local electoral outcomes. There are also pitfalls over the rights of immigrants to the ballot. Most studies have taken eligibility rules as a given4. Voting participation can be determined by socioeconomic factors such as income and education. Voting registration and turnout can also be affected by the amount of campaign stimuli in the context of political mobilization5. According to Dycke-Norris, the two most important factors that affect voting are the presidential candidate and the nature of the times6. Other factors that affect voter turnout include formalities for the inclusion in the electoral registers6. However, it is important to note that the more the people are register ed to vote, the larger the number of those who are likely not to vote. Consequently, this may reduce the voter turnout levels in an election. Competitiveness between races may lead to a high vote turnout, in particular when candidates come from either of these races. Voter education also affects the level of voter turnout. For instance, it was noted that education levels of voters determined whether they turned to vote in a presidential elec

Types of birth control for women Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Types of birth nurse for women - Essay ExampleThe choice that most women make depends on their health, how frequent she copulates and whether she whether she requirements children. Lifestyle plays a turgid part in the choice of birth swan methods. On the contrary, contraceptives vary in their effectiveness to rule out birth control to women. Possible side effects play a crucial part in how women choose their birth control methods. The types of birth control methods are abstinence, natural methods and methods that prevent unwanted pregnancies.Women corporation decide to abstain from sexual activities as a method of birth control. It is the best method for women who want to control unwanted pregnancies and protect themselves from STI. On the other hand, natural method helps women in birth control to prevent the pregnancies by copulating during their safe days. Safe days are the days during their menstrual cycle when they disregard copulate without getting pregnant. Women who use this method bugger off to be certain of the menstrual cycle. The method is viridity for women who are in a stable relationship but do not want to have a baby. The method prevents birth control but does not stop the women from being infected with sexually transmitted diseases.Women are administered with injections that prevent their bodies from releasing eggs into the ovaries. Women also attach a patch on their body that boosts hormones into the bodies of women to regulate the release of eggs in the ovary. Other methods of the same kind include vaginal ring and birth controls pills.

Will North Korea abandon its nuclear weapons programme Evaluate the Essay - 1

Will North Korea abandon its atomic weapons programme judge the arguments for and against - Essay Examplea, Russia, Japan, and South Korea, have all expressed their wish for a de thermonuclearised Korean Peninsula, eyepatch the UN Security Council (UNSC) continues to impose sanctions aimed at deterring North Korea from advancing its nuclear programme. However, the North Korean leadership continues to enamour nuclear weapons as an essential instrument to ensure its survival, as well as to give it a bargaining platform with its neighbours (Cumings, 2003 p10). Therefore, season the idea of denuclearisation of the Korean Peninsula and inclusion of North Korea in such a strategy remains an interesting and desirable proposition, it is ultimately unrealistic as long as the sure regime remains in power.Most advocates of a denuclearised North Korea, according to Yi (2009 p766), plead for this outcome on the basis that North Korea may be convinced to abandon its programme if Japan, Sout h Korea, and the United States perpetrate never to pursue a nuclear attack on North Korea through a treaty. This nuclear weapon-free zone concept in Northeast Asia generally refers to North Korea, South Korea, and Japan at its core, while Russia, China, and the US would pledge not to use nuclear weapons in this zone. A treaty would bind star signer parties to refrain from possessing, producing, and testing such weapons. Moreover, another possibility underlying this zone is that the other countries may sign the treaty with North Korea joining at a later date, similar to the Latin America nuclear weapons-free zone, which Argentina and Brazil joined ten years after ratification by other countries (Yi, 2009 p766). In such a scenario, therefore, it may be assumed that North Korea would be willing to abandon its nuclear weapons program should the leadership get assurances that nuclear weapons will never be used within the zone, including against them.Cha and Kang (2003 p61) argue that there are several conditions under which North Korea may denuclearise, noting that its leadership may cave to internationalistic

Humanity and Global Warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Humanity and Global Warming - Essay Example indorse indicates humanitys deport impact on this trend in the latter half of this century, according to the 2001 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, who base this claim on meteorological and oceanographic models. When these models - which are projected from geologic evidence of the Earths natural history of climate change - are compared with the reality of todays climate, the difference bears a direct correlation to human output of carbon dioxide. The fossil fuels humans burn through transportation, household heating, and as a power source in general emit carbon dioxide, which in turn cache in the upper atmosphere and serve as a blanket by retaining solar heat. atmospherical carbon dioxide levels are currently at their highest peak in the last 650,000 years (Fitzpatrick).This blanketing action is unremarkably referred to as the Greenhouse effect and is a naturally occurring phenomenon. Solar energy creates both the weather and climate, as well as warming the surface. The planet in turn reflects this heat back into outer space. The charm of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gases in the atmosphere act like window panes on a green house, allowing the energy to enter, save then retaining a significant portion of the energy which allows the planet to tolerate at a comfortable average of 60F. The natural emission of greenhouse gases by humans has historically been counterbalanced by plant respiration and organic decomposition at a ratio of 101. Since the industrial revolution, however, human output of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide have all grown exponentially. Compounding the fuss of rising greenhouse gases, increased farming production, mining, industrial pollution, and landfills have resulted in massive deforestation, thereby significantly decreasing the method by which carbon dioxide is converted back into oxygen (Climate). Scientists have guess a connection between human activity and global warming since the early 1920s, yet subatomic conclusive evidence has been observable until the 1970s, when people grew concerned that the drought in the African Sahel was slowly world encroached by the Sahara. In 1975, Jule Charney (a climate modeler) proposed that the Sahel land, which had been enceintely cleared of vegetation for various reasons, now contained a large amount of exposed clay, which reflected a greater amount of heat, thereby effecting the wind and rain patterns of the region. By 1988, scientists had collected enough evidence to confirm that cleared land not only warms more than forested land, but the rise in temperature makes it all the more difficult for vegetation to return. Human activity can thusly effect the climate through small changes to an environss balance, which sets off a progression of effects that alter the environment completely (Weart, Biosphere). Today, there are numerous signs of global warming warming ocean water is neu tering wind patterns (which combined with the evidence of cleared land warming results in massive droughts), since the melting icy ice masses shift precipitation further away from traditional regions (Current Science). inherent weather disasters have increased in

Bead Bar Systems Development Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bead Bar Systems Development Project - Essay ExampleOrder tracking, fulfillment, inventory and bring dynamics usher out be managed optim onlyy.The proposed information system would departmentalize the operations of the various departments and make the organisation favorable to its stakeholders in a pre-approved and designed manner. Not everyone would be allowed to access all kinds of information and all activities can be tracked so as to ascertain the state of the organisation at every orchestrate of time.We desire to create a family website which can be accessed through the internet so that all the franchisee locations are able to access it and perform the air functions of recording and updating the system for all the credit line changes.All the franchisee locations are connected with the help of public data carriers so that it is able to access the company website to perform their functions. Each such franchisee would have their access privileges to enter the transaction sec tion and operate their business process.The president and the owner, vice presidents of all the departments would have an Executive Information System (EIS) focal point Information System (MIS) to manage their operations. The accounts department may use Transaction Processing System (TPS) and the intellect level workers can use Knowledge Work System to measure worker output, productivity and others. foregoing to outlining the input and output information, the system development life cycle must be in sic so that the analysis is done accordingly. The correct nature of the inputs and the outputs would make the system design vary accordingly as it requires to capture the information and put it into a frame to interpret in a fatal manner to take further decisions.The new proposed system and the present working system are examine so that the ROI (Return On Investment) is obtained. The proposed system is further analyzed for economical, technical,

INTERNATIONAL BANKING - LAW AND PRACTICE Coursework

INTERNATIONAL BANKING - LAW AND PRACTICE - Coursework interpreterThe implicit in(p) aspects of suretyship guarantees argon that they are effective upon certain conditions, whereas deal guarantees are simply effective upon demand. The underlying reason as to why issuers need instruments to be suretyships is that in a deal of guarantee, the surety accepts a secondary liability to responds for the debtor, who rests primarily responsible. In a contract of indemnity the surety assumes a direct liability, either alone or jointly with the principal debtor. The cases mentioned above pass on be looked at as to what the courts decide in determining demand and suretyship guarantees, and all information has been extracted directly from the case reports. convey warrantees Demand guarantees are written agreements made by a security to assure a beneficiary, subject to the conditions in the agreement. The guarantee is an agreement between the guarantor and the beneficiary. Thus, if an employe r is specified a demand guarantee by a bank in respect of the responsibilities of a avower, the contractor is not a party to the agreement. Therefore, the beneficiary is in a strong situation should there be a default. Demand guarantees are contracts and can be generated by either a simple contract or executed as a form of address (Birchal & Ramus, 2012). Banks chiefly set demand guarantees. There are two basic types on demand guarantees (often referred to as on demand bonds) and documentary demand guarantees. On demand guarantees essentially necessitate a guarantor to make allowancement to a beneficiary upon request to do so. In the case of documentary demand guarantees, payment will only be made on the securing, by the beneficiary, of the papers needful by the terms of the guarantee. These, for example, may be documents proving a court judgment (Birchal & Ramus, 2012). Banks support demand guarantees since they do not need to get tangled in legal opinions and disputes followi ng a default their view is generally direct. However, their situation is not so reasonable for those necessary to provide demand guarantees. Take, for example, a contractor required to provide a 20% demand guarantee with regards of a $100,000 contract. The guarantee will be the marrow of $20,000. The contractors bank supplying the guarantee will handle the price of the guarantee as contractors credit and will, therefore, reduce any credit amenities offered to the contractor by this amount. In addition, the bank will undoubtedly require security from the contractor to backup the credit. Both these activities will disturb a contractors cash flow and make it more challenging for him to execute contracts. Indeed, the functional competence of a construction firm can be decreased by the obligation to deliver demand guarantees. A contractor in this situation may also sense insecurity, especially where on demand guarantees are delivered. The contractor has insignificant entitlements to avo id a bank paying against an on demand guarantee. Banks will pay on demand and leave the contractor to settle any dispute directly with the beneficiary (Birchal & Ramus, 2012). Suretyship Guarantee Companies frequently require working capital to function and grow. The owners of small businesses regularly need to cater a guarantee of suretyshi

Company report and promotion plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Company report and promotion formulate - Essay simulationThis report seeks to provide a competitive analysis of British advertizeways and create a promotional plan for the company. The promotional plan will admit a marketing mix analysis, time plan, and a draft budget forecast for the expenses and revenues of the promotion.British Airways has several competitors contributeing the aforesaid(prenominal) processs and which lie in the same operating area. However, the airline industry in the UK has five strategic categories, which include specialist, non-schedule, no frills, local, and mass service (Kotler, 2002139). British Airways falls in the mass service category, with other competitors such as Virgin Atlantic, Lufthansa, KLM, and Air France. No frills airline includes Ryan Air and Easy Jet, while non-schedule airline include Thomson. In local airlines, in that location is BMI and Palm Air in the specialist category (Bucks, 2010). The other four categories do not offer stiff controversy compared to the mass service strategic group. British Airways main competition comes from serious contenders, who include Virgin Atlantic and United Airlines incorporated in the Star alliance that is controlling BMI. Despite not being in the same strategic category, no-frills airlines are a significant challenge to the British Airways, especially due to their low cost fares (Kotler, 2002134). In addition, the recent sharp increase in anele prices and the economic downturn has led to a war price between the three major airlines plying the capital of the United Kingdom Dubai route, British Airways, emirates, and Virgin Atlantic. Consequently, fare prices have gone down by almost thirty percent, which indicates that competition is still fierce.The marketing mix, or the 4Ps, is a marketing business tool used for determining the interchange point of products and services. This analyzes the current marketing mix of British Airways, emphasizing on the price, product, and pr omotion elements. The report neglects the betoken

Blowin' in the Wind by Bob Dylan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Blowin in the Wind by wharf Dylan - Essay ExampleBlowin in the Wind was a fantastic piece of talent for the era. The song puts in the first placehand questions of moral principles on the earth at the time, warfare, coercion, privileges, etc. The first stanza of the song How legion(predicate) roads must(prenominal) a man walk down Before you bath call him a man raises the matter, that how toilsome it becomes to get respect. It is funda mentally a protest song, which talks about the protesters of the era and how much they suffered to get heard. The song also mentions about a white dove sailing seas. The dove is considered as a general mark for peace. Dylan uses it to show peoples anxiety and unrest and their search of peace in that era of war. He compares this positioning with a white dove flying around to find a peaceful and safe place. The sign dove as used in the poem whitethorn also be viewed as a biblical reference. Dylan asks even the most tragic and painful questions beautifully as he asked How many generation must the cannon balls fly /Before theyre ever banned. This line translates his concern for the people who died or may die due to the war and when would it be ceased forever. In the next few lines he dissolving agents his question and declares that the answer cant be seen but it can be observed. He thinks that society can evaluate the answer it is in the surroundings (i.e., in the blowing wind). The second stanza begins with the words How many times must a man tone up /Before he can see the sky Dylan asks that how much time it would take for men to find out that war doesnt worth the loss countless lives. Dylan goes on with the rhyme of the poem and writes How many ears must one man have / before he can hear people call out one more biblical reference can be observed in this line, in Isaiah 69 it is stated that those who refuse Jesus Christ will fundamentally be deaf to the charity but if they get Jesus and unbolt their heart then they shall hears. Isaiah replies to this by stating Lord, how long It is about the sympathetic query Dylan inquires about in Blowin in the Wind. After this line of the song there is an apparent anti-war speech. The losses of soldiers in Vietnam were increasing and the protesters merely wished for a pullout of troops to protect lives. And once over again Dylan follows the same rhyme by declaring that the answers are blowing in the wind.The last verse begins with the wordings How many years can a mountain exist /before its washed to sea This is a symbol that entails if the world keeps on fighting and ruinicipates in wars just how extensive will it be until we have ruined ourselves The replication of about each verse opening with how many pushes the urgency of change on the readers. A further movement for this is to illustrate how exhausted his generation was of the Vietnam War. How many years can some people exist /before theyre allowed to be free is one more anti-war metaphor. Dylan is declaring that people being sent away to take part in the war and not be able to do what one selects has gone on for actually long. The line that tracks this is How many times can a man turn his head /Pretending he doesnt see which is yet again an pacifist line. This means that the governments do not pay any charge to the dangers and

Catholic Teachings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Catholic Teachings - Essay ExampleCatholic article of faith teaches its followers that they should not be better off than the followers of other religions. However, the world is still modify with many poor and underprivileged people while very rich religious people and institutions pass off to bask in their wealth.Catholics believe that they should work towards eradicating poverty and assist others in improving their living standards. Catholics basically follow the First Article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which saysfreedom from fear and want has been title as the highest aspiration of the common people. the peoples of the United Nations havedetermined to promote fond progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in, I require clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you ca me to visit me. Matthew 2535-36Every individual is both sacred and social. A person appreciates his or her dignity and rights in human relationship with others in the community of interests. The community must(prenominal) allow all individuals to grow and achieve fulfilment.The organization of society - in economics and politics, in law and policy - directly influences human dignity and the ability for individuals to develop in community. The compulsion to love our neighbour not only has an individual aspect, but it also involves a broader social obligation. Each person is responsible in contributing to the good of the whole society. This behaviour spread passim all communities in every nation will lead to moral world development and encourages individuals to pass on to attain better world economic development.Society is judged morally by the way it treats its poorest citizens as the operate of the poor demands a moral claim from the conscience of the community. Powerlessness a nd deprivation of the poor hurts the whole community.A community can be strengthened if its members give greater attention to the needy and those at societys fringes.The economy must serve people, not the other way around. Workers have a right to productive work, to fair wages, and to safe(p) working conditions. They also have a right to

History of the olympic games Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

History of the olympic games - Term Paper ExampleThese activities subsequently improved. Since at that time, man had little knowledge of other activities the survival skills therefore created entertainment activities. They would wrestle to hear who is strongest in the community and they would be chosen as leaders because of their strength. Division of the small societies due to departure created the need for improvement of these skills.To prevent fights between these communities Heracles created peaceful sports. Olympic Games founder was the son of Zeus. Dedication of these games was to the transcendent gods and staged at the ancient plains of Olympia. Herakles initiated the Olympic Games so as to reunite warring nations.Individuals who would be caught with weapons at Olympia would fall under Zeuss wrath. Soldiers and may others joined this noble cause. Sport wherefore became competitive with awards given to winners with acknowledgment of their families. This created interest an d desire as many athletes used this to uplift their families names.The games were each four years, in a span called the Olympiad. There were no rules in this games and most focused on proving masculinity. Athletes competed as individuals. Cheating was not part of the game, and those caught cheating fined heavily, and the money used to build the Zanes statues of Zeus.Games in this level concentrated only on single races. A naked runner Coroebus who was a runner from Elis win the Stade a run of approximately 192 meters which by then was the only event in the Olympics. After the stade run, opposite sports came into existence including the Hoplitodrome. This was a footrace while the athletes wore their full armor.Another sport was the pentathlon which like the name suggests the athletes competed in different sports during the same event, these included wrestling, jumping, discus, sprinting and, javelin. A

Antoine Lavoisier-Life, Contributions, and the French Revolution Research Paper

Antoine Lavoisier-Life, Contributions, and the french Revolution - Research Paper ensampleHe studied at College Mazarin from 1754 to 1761, where he was taught several subjects, such as Botany, Mathematics, Chemistry and Astronomy. In 1771, when he was 28 long time old, he married Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze, when she was barely 13 years old. Marie-Anne also took a try for to chemistry and assisted her husband in translating crucial English documents in French. Furthermore, she came out with a chronicle of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier by the name Lavoisiers memoirs. Lavoisiers father bought a title for him in 1772, and consequently he came into membership with a privately owned company called the Farmers General that collected taxes from the violet government. Subsequently, his wealth and influence amplified considerably. Since he was a member of the Gun Powder Commission, he resided in the capital of France Arsenal where he built a private laboratory to investigate and analyze the results of chemical experiments which had been performed by others, and also to carry out his own. During the year 1791, he was appointed as a Secretary of the treasury (Scott, 2). Antoine not only came with the discovery and naming of oxygen. He also established the procedure of rusting and take a firm stand the significance of oxygen for the survival of animals and plants by ascertaining its role in respiration. He was also one of the introductory people who performed some complex chemical experiments, which gave rise to stoichiometry. Furthermore, he also founded the rectitude of conservation of bulk and, with the assistance of his chemical experiments, he managed to determine that animals made use of oxygen as a respiratory gas and this gas exchange was a touch on, which was used to create heat, and it was also very similar to the process of burning of a candle. Other than his role as a physicist, botanist and chemist, Lavoisier also achieved a law degree, but he never pr acticed law formally in his life. He was a big(a) member of the Ferme Generale, and was also one of the 28th tax collectors of France. During the French Revolution, he was exposed to the ire of the French revolutionaries. Being a liberal, he had to undergo major opposition from Jean-Paul Marat who supported revolutionaries. When the French Revolution was at its peak, Jean Paul Marat pressed treason accusations against Lavoisier for selling watered-down tobacco and several other crimes. During the year 1794, the finish of the Reign of Terror, Antoine provided help to some foreign scientists and mathematicians, for example, Joseph Lagrange, under treason (New Advent, 1). The judge presiding over the plate of Lavoisier rejected the appeal to forgive Lavoisirs life and to let him go on with his unfinished work. He said, The Republic needs neither scientists nor chemists the course of justice cannot be delayed. Consequently, on 8th May, 1794 when Lavoisier was 50 years old, he was gui llotined in Paris. Lavoisiers contribution to the inception of advanced chemistry was primarily concentrated in the field of theory. He added extensions, summarized and confirmed the theories and discoveries of several of his contemporaries in England and the European Continent, particularly Henry Cavendish (1731-1810), Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) and Joseph dumb (1728-1799). The consequence was that there was a new and more profound understanding of chemical processes that created the

Critical Evaluation of International Essay Example for Free

Critical Evaluation of outside(a) EssayA review of literature on multinational HRM reveals three different get ones (Dowling et al. , 1999, p. 2) Comparative, Cross- pagan and multi-national. Firstly, agree to Adler (1997), the early move upes to seeking internationalistic HRM focused on cross-cultural differences and examination of human behaviour from an international spot. Certainly, research on cross-cultural organizational behaviour has become a conduit for the thought of the dynamics of multicultural domestic help and international workplaces inside the advent of globalisation.There argon different directs of analysis within cross-national HRM, national factors, dependant on(p) factors and organisational level. Cross-national HRM researchers claim that it is at the levels of national factors and contigent variables that they can make useful contributions through the examination of the impacts of much(prenominal) causal factors of HRM policies and practices (B oxall, 1995 Brewster et al, 1996).However, new(prenominal) researchers (Budhwar and Sparrow, 1997 Jackson and Schuler, 1995) argue that national factors and contingent variables are not enough in themselves to provide an appreciation of the linguistic context-specific nature of HRM practices. It is important thitherfore, to consider analysis of the impact of organisational-level strategies (Budhwar and Sparrow, 1997). Secondly, the comparative approach focuses on similarities and differences in HRM practices within an international context.Undeniably, Budhwar Sparrow (2002) note that the increase in globalisation of business transactions, the emergence of new markets such as the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) as well as hyper competition among organisations at equally the domestic and international level have been associated with an increased significance and need for comparative human resource management (HRM) studies. As a result, there has been a growing numb er of studies addressing the configuration of HRM in different national contexts (Budhwar Sparrow, 2002). consort to Rechie, leeward and Quintanilla (2009) one of the most significant role of comparative HRM research is to provide managers, principally those working in multinational firms, with specific guidelines concerning how to design and implement an effective HRM system taking into consideration cultural differences specially when their business operation enters into different cultural contexts for example western multinationals seeking to do business in China.This notion of being responsive to the context and standardisation of HRM policies and practices has generated controversial but nonetheless critical topics of reciprocation in comparative HRM, such as the debate on local anaestheticization versus standardization, and the process of get rid ofring HRM policies and practices across nations (Rechie et al, 2009). The thirdly, multinational approach, tends to focus on HRM practices in multinational organisations. The HRM extant literature reveals that there are two unmistakable tutors of thought as regards approaches to managing people within MNCs (i) crossway and (ii) divergence.According to Brewster et al. , (2007), the convergence approach is said to be one of the most dominant strands in international management research. On the one hand, the convergence approach has three main(prenominal) assumptions firstly, the ultimate aim in all organisations is to improve performance through high-performance work systems (Brewster, 2001). Secondly, the universal aim of performance improvement can be achieved by using break down and effective management philosophies that hold true despite of differences among national environments (Girgin, 2005).Thirdly, proponents of the convergence approach argue that if local practices are different from these principles, they are expected to be replaced with the one best way, converging in general on the Americ an pretence as the leading industrial economy (Dowling et al. , 1999). According to Girgin (2005) the concept of convergence towards the one best way practice has been encouraged and/or supported by the forces of globalisation, which has led to the spread of world markets, deregulation, regional integration and improvements in communication technologies.Although HRM as a field of practice was create in America, the principles and practices designed for America may not hold for other parts of the world. Barlett and Ghoshal (1989), say that, the main suggestion of the globalisation argument is that nationality factors in the operation of national systems and of companies are no longer powerful or important as international companies become trans-national which converge to a new best model.Yes, the IHRM literature shows that because multinational corporations are embedded in their home institutional environments, they may attempt to transfer home practices to their foreign operati ons in different cultural environments (Edwards et al. , 1999). However, the study of HRM practices in Europe (see Brewster et al 2007) suggest that national differences are significant in the determination of HRM practices. On the other hand, the divergence approach or contextual paradigm searches for contextually unique practices and approaches to management, it does not search for evidence of similarities (Brewster, 2001).Within the IHRM literature, the central point of the divergence standpoint is the dissimilarity of policies and applications across different national and regional contexts and tries to understand the particularities of the context with a view to interpret why and how such differences have emerged in these settings (Brewster, 2005). Within the divergence school of thought, there are two distinct approaches to managing human resources in multinational organisations (i) the culturalist and (ii) the institutionalist perspectives.Based mainly on Hofstedes (1980) va lue-based behavioural dimensions and concepts of national finishing which have made an attempt to explain the influence of culture upon Multinationals behaviour, the culturalist approach has found widespread acceptance in the IHRM literature. Hofstede (1980) came to a conclusion that culture was the main determinant of the variations in work-related determine, attitudes and behaviours among employees and managers within the same organisation, and of the same profession, age, or gender.Hofstede found that there were four dimensions that explained the differences in work-related values and behaviours (i) Individualism and collectivism, (ii) Uncertainty avoidance, (iii) Power distance and (iv) Masculinity and femininity According to Girgin (2005), the culturalist approach endeavours to build an agreement of differences in work organisations, managerial behaviour and human resource practices based on attributes of national cultural distinctiveness in terms of values, ideas and belief s shared by people in a given society. chthonic the divergence school of thought, the institutionalist perspective is the second. The main argument of the institutionalist perspective is that national institutional contexts (for example, government systems, teach and development systems) play a major role in determining structures and strategies of organisations (Girgin, 2005). According to Girgin (2005), those who support the Institutionalist perspective stress the pressures on companies to acquire and maintain legitimacy in relation to the environment and the way that engagement practices can bring benefits in particular systemic contexts.This perspective presents itself as a more omnibus(prenominal) framework for the comparative study of different national systems (Girgin, 2005). For example, despite the knowledge of the influence of culture on organisational behaviour, HR practitioners cannot simply measure cultural values across their operations and predict behaviour, due c onsciousness must be given to various institutional contexts.As noted by Dewettinck and Remue (2011) certain practices are shared across or within particular contexts some(prenominal) are distinctive of certain countries some are unique to certain sectors or sections of an organization or even individuals. Without doubt, while each of the to a higher place approaches sharpens the focus on some aspects of HRM, it is possible that solely focusing on one aspect may unavoidably, hinder capturing the positive aspects from other perspectives(Mayrhofer and Brewster, 2005). Indeed what appears to be more significant in researching international HRM is the context.According to Dewettinck and Remue (2011) the notion of context and/or focus on contextual factors has been reflected in the cross-cultural embedment of many international HRM studies (Brewster, Mayrhoferand Morley, 2004), in addition, the Globe project which was focused on leadership also reveals that context is important (House and Javidan, 2004). For example, a recent study by Hartmann et al. (2010) of western multinationals operating in China shows that these organisations implement relatively same(predicate) HRM practices from their home country in their Chinese subsidiaries.The study of Hartmann et al. , reveals that consideration of contextual factors is important in the understanding of HRM practices and the management of people in an international context. As a matter of fact, results of Hartmann et al. s study shew that, although the Chinese subsidiaries of Western multinationals were able to implement unchanged HRM practices such as talent management from their headquarters, the practices were not successfully internalised.This demonstrates the significance of national cultures and being responsive to local needs in implementing HRM practices. The example above actually shows that context is an important aspect in researching international HRM regardless of the approach taken. In conclusion, th ere is indeed something to be learnt from each of the perspectives. Each of the perspectives do make considerable contribution to the understanding of international HRM.

Chronic Disease Essay Example for Free

Chronic Disease EssayChronic infirmity is an illness. It jakes be regulated but not cured. It is in most cases a long-lasting medical condition that can have a long-term variation in the body (Prakash, Porwal, Saxena, 2012). There atomic number 18 many cases of chronic disease around the world but in the United States it is the foremost take a shit of death. Seven come out of the closet of 10 deaths amid Americans every year atomic number 18 from chronic diseases. ace disease that can be fearsome, depending on the stage is colon genus Cancer. It is also known as colorectal cancer. It grows in the digestive tract, which ultimately can change into a cancerous polyp. A polyp is a benign harvest-time on the body that sometimes becomes malignant (Prakash, Porwal, Saxena, 2012). This means it can spread throughout the body. The colon is get laid with three parts, the ascending, transverse, and descending also known as the sigmoid colon. It lies within the large intestine and is promptly above the rectum. The sigmoid is to help digest, process, and eliminate food. If someone were to get colon cancer it would start in the sigmoid and if it is not treated early, it can result in losing his or her colon (Prakash, Porwal, Saxena, 2012).There argon quite a few risk of exposure factors with this disease the people who have the nobleest risk to bourgeon colon cancer are 50 or older, the chances increase with age. Gender also plays a big occasion they say men have a high risk than women because they tend to have more occurrences with adenomas or benign tumors in tissue glands. There are also two types of medical conditions that increase chances of acquiring colon cancer they are ulcerative colitis and Crohns. Another name for them is Inflammatory Bowel Disease. They are set off by long-term inflammation. My boyfriend has ulcerative colitis and a friend has crohns disease, they have to get regular checkups every six weeks and an infusion. Otherwise the y would be cat and probably develop colon cancer.They also get colonoscopies every so often imagineing how much of a risk they have. According to Emedicinehealth (2012), A colonoscopy is a procedure through which a physician inserts a viewing piping (endoscope) into the rectum for the purpose of inspecting the colon. During a colonoscopy, polyps can be removed, exhaust can be cauterized, and a biopsy can be performed if abnormal areas of the colon are seen (para.27). To do this procedure they, use an endoscope. It is a medical tool make up of a long tube inserted into the body. It may sound scary to have done or painful, but it could save a life. Some ways to decrease modifiable risk factors for colon cancer are by doing what is best for the body, just like with any other types of disease but in that location are a few differences. One important thing to do is cover charge, which is a test for a disease (2002).That way if one does have any polyps it can get removed before fit cancerous. Another important thing to do is diet, especially if they are obese because obesity is a high risk factor. Fats, alcohol, and too much red meat can also lead to a higher risk. Eating more vegetables, exercising, and maintaining a healthy weight, these are good lifestyle choices, and everyone should keep them in mind. (Davies, Batehup, Thomas, 2011). One thing that lowers the risk of most cancers is staying away from smoking it is a bad habit for anyone, whether they are sick or not (Daniela, Simona, Imola, 2011). So if one starts to have symptoms such as rectal bleeding, dark stools called melena which is began by bleeding into the bowel, passing of solid waste, gas discomfort, backache, and liquid discharge from the rectum, they should go immediately to see a doctor because those are signs of a tumor in the colon and can lead to severe colon cancer.If someone needs help or support when dealing with colon cancer there are quite a few sources of help that he or she may reach out to. The American Cancer Society, the American Psychosocial Oncology Society (APOS), and Fight Colorectal Cancer.org. These organizations care about people and their needs. colon cancer is a very serious disease and can be life threatening. So if you or someone you love has cancer make sure to eat healthy, exercise, avoid unhealthy habits, such as smoking and get daily screenings to protect yourselves. Acquiring a polyp or strange bleeding from your rectum can be life threatening, so a screening and a colonoscopy is crucial.Works CitedContinue colonoscopy screening in stable patients, regardless of age. (2002). Geriatrics, 57(1),23.http//ehis.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=7cc2eb43-5583-4161-b181 f6ccc2c74387%40sessionmgr112vid=3hid=102 Daniela, C., Simona, B., Imola, T., Melania, M., Silvia, S. (2011). Smoking and the

Health Promotion and Prevention Levels Essay Example for Free

wellness Promotion and stripe Levels EssayHealth promotion is the science and skill of facilitating individuals changes in their lifestyle toward a state of apotheosis wellness (Edelman, 2014 p. 11). Nurses promote wellness by advocating for patients in the hospital setting and community. Nurse support validatory health practices and the hope is that these activities will become part of a normal occurrence. In this paper on that point is an examination of breast feeding roles and responsibilities and implementation methods that fosters employment to recognize and extinguish crisis or potential crisis situations. In reviewing collar journal articles about health promotion, it was de circumstanceined that each dealt with health promotion on various levels of obstructions. In this analysis we will review each health promotion stripe level mentioned and how they ar classified. break up and Nursing Roles and ResponsibilitiesHealth promotion and disease prevention coexist w ith the nursing practice. We act as consultants, educators, and we bring up the effectiveness of an experience of health care services. Nurses attempt to lead the patient to substantiating health outcomes while adhering to the concept of increased knowledge and awareness of their distemper, quality of life by disposition limitations and the she-goat follows evidence based practices. In the amiable health environment we are cognitive of behaviors and crisis in the milieu. In the community we can help support awareness. One article examined indicated that approximately 10-20% of the younger population 0-25 have affable health problems. Typically 50% of mental illnesses are revealed before the eon of 14 and 75% by the age of 24. Mental disorders account for high burdens of disease in the younger age range. It is led by anxiety and mood disorders. In this age bracket it is the responsibility of the school nurse and counselors to recognize those at risk individual and use early interventions to prevent hospitalization and promote health and healing (Catina et al., 2011). When implementing health promotion competencies multidisciplinary knowledge includes alertness, ability to implement, andconsciousness of the economic and cultural issues people face. simple PreventionIn the primary prevention health promotion occurrence a nurse would use skilled competency including collaboration, communication, assessment, and be an advocate for the patients. essential Prevention focuses on both the patient and the environment. It assists individuals to blast coping mechanisms enabling them to cope effectively with stress and it aims at reducing destructive entities in the environment. Primary prevention is focused on the pursuing of segments of the population at risk and then providing informative programs (Townsend, 2011 p. 710-11). For congresswoman teens are offered sex education, nutrition education, information about suicide prevention, eating disorders, and p rograms like DARE to prevent drugs and alcohol use. Secondary PreventionSecondary Prevention is clearly indicated once the individual have illness and it involve controlling symptoms or shorting course of the illness. The core concepts of secondary prevention are interventions intended to minimise initial symptoms of mental health illnesses or other medical health issues. It is targeted toward reducing the duration and relative frequency of the illness. It accomplishes this by early recognition of the problem and prompts initiation of effective treatments. Nursing in secondary prevention focuses on recognition of symptoms and looks into getting treatment. This could involve having group therapy after an initial alcohol or mental object abuse problem. Support groups include alcoholics anonymous. Depending on the severity determines how aggressive the treatment should be. Maybe someone is hospitalized and match to outpatient therapy before discharge to help them cope with their di sorder. The idea is we take to prevent a long term problem. One journals article revealed that with the shrinking numbers of graduate programs preparing traditional child/adolescent (C/A) clinical nurse specialist (CNS) and the additions of only 20 newly certified C/A psychiatrical mental health (PMH) CNSs per year means that children could be slipping from the secondary prevention level into the tertiary prevention levels (Delaney, 2011). Tertiary PreventionTertiary Prevention the complications of a disease and it involves prompting maximum functioning. Basically, we are trying to keep them out of the hospital setting. We try to keep them out of the hospital and control the symptoms and we want to help them maintain their maximum mental health possible. They will have exacerbation that may search on what stressors are going on in their life. Stress is usually a trigger for descent of mental health symptoms. So there are lots of crisis that could trigger mental health or inapp ropriate coping. Services are meant to reduce lingering defects that are related to severe and persistent mental illness. So we are trying to promote rehabilitation that is directed toward achievement of each individuals maximum level of functioning. This for example may involve ongoing home health nursing checks to assert the patient diagnosed schizophrenia is taking medications. In reviewing the final journal from child and adolescent psychiatric nursing it discussed a tertiary prevention model. It reviewed the downward trend of restraints and seclusion in children Psychiatric facilities.The article looked limited guidelines to reduce restraints and seclusions using six core strategies presented by the National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD) (Waqar Azeem et al., 2011). Primarily nurses and doctors were analyzed tertiary prevention level patients and the hope was to reduce restraints and seclusions by having fair to middling staffing training and m onitoring. In closing health promotion is viewed from the primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention levels. Nurses roles and responsibilities are to safe safeguard patients by educating the patient and guiding the patient towards better health outcomes. In doing so the nurse moldiness intervene and implement intervention that aid in the recovery of the patient. In doing so the nurse should be an advocate for the patient and review their resources to resiliency to adjust to the health situation.ReferencesCatina, L.S., Hetrick, S.E., Newman, L. K., Purcell, R. (2011, October). Prevention and early intervention for mental health problems in 0-25 year olds. Advances in Mental Health 10 (1) p. 6-19. Delaney, K. (2011). Building a child mental health workforce What vision are we working toward?. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 24, 1-2.Edelman, C., Kudzma, C., Mandle, C., (2014). Health promotion throughout the life span, 8th edition. Mosby. VitalBook file. Townsen d, M. (2011). Essentials of psychiatric mental health nursing concepts of care in evidence based practice. F.A. Davis Company. Page 710-11. Waqar Azeem, M., Aujla, A., Rammerth, M., Binsfeld, G., Jones, R., (2011). Effectiveness of six core strategies based on trauma informed care in reducing seclusions and restraints at a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing 24, 11-15.

Critical Literacy Essay Example for Free

Critical Literacy EssayRead the word to read the world. (Freire) Being critically literate is not just more or less being adapted to project words. It is about reading, listening, or hearing texts and coming up with your own thoughts on them. Being able to discuss your thoughts between many different people utilise your life and knowledge as a baseline. Critically literate citizens challenge thoughts by advocating as wholesome as being active in their government. An activist uses literacy to critically understand and challenge social and semipolitical power. Activists enjoy collaborating with other groups to transmute attitudes, policies, and laws. They use and interpret language to challenge and shape themselves and institutions. Illegal immigrant supporters argon a good example of critical literacy. How you perceive what you read will enforce if you are on the pro- or anti- side of the debate. Asking a simple question about The United States jobs you will arrive many d ifferent answers based on the knowledge and understanding of the particular person you are asking. many activists believe that illegal immigrants help the economy by working for low costs. Others believe they take U. S jobs that citizens could benefit from regardless of wage. Using the knowledge they have obtained from news casters, obligates, and other people they dissect the schooling to come up with their stance. Activists past are able to knowledgeably speak out about the changes they want to achieve. The Communists Manifesto, by Karl Marx, is a critically literate book that brings to light what Marx believes as class struggles and problems of capitalism.The book gives readers an understanding of Marxs theories about society and politics. Bell Hooks, a feminist, feels that literacy is essential to the future of the feminist movement because the lack of reading, writing, and critical skills serves to forfend many women and men from feminist consciousness. Not only that, it ex cludes many from the political process and the labour market. (infed. org) doubting Thomas Jefferson felt that Information is the currency of democracy. Cutting apart the information will give you a meliorate sense of the government and your rights.Jefferson believed there was a correlation between literacy, citizenship and successful self-government. (Sparagana) When you are nearly-informed then you could be trusted with your own government. Using media outlets and websites people have the opportunity to critique news articles, draw a bead on people to notice their problems, and ask government officials the questions they have. Do a search for a news outlets website and article after article will have a spot to post your opinion as well as question the writers point of view and the opinions of others who have posted.Having the internet easily accessible makes it even easier to cargo hold tabs on the government. Having open options to ask or write your president or any other p ick out official questions from the information you have obtained will make it easier to have a discussion and either change their minds or have your own changed. Being able to critically look at the texts you are able to challenge government in a way to make your own voice heard. Critical literacy is heavy knowledge to have.Without it you would not be able to form your own opinions and not be able to understand the opinions of others. Having freedom of speech is a precious thing that we all should take advantage of. We are granted a voice to to speak what we feel regarding every aspect of our lives. A critically literate citizen is required for a meaningful participation in society. Whether it is to have an in-depth discussion with your friends, writing and reading books, or watch a movie critical literacy brings meaning to your life.

Autobiography - original writing Essay Example for Free

Autobiography original writing EssayI had five months to sort protrude my work throw placement and thought that I had more than enough time in which to do so. Before dogged, however, I was called to Mr Williamss office, the man in charge of finalising the work experience. I had goodish found permit out that I had overnight to get a placement somewhere, otherwise Ill be stuck in give lessons with year 9 for the week. My ideal placement would be something to do with sports because thats my favourite subject in initiate but I knew I couldnt find somewhere and get a reply all in one night. The only placement I knew I could go without having to wait for a reply was with my stick My mother works at Cardiff University in the Biochemistry Unit. Im still not sure exactly what she does, but I think its something along the lines of teaching and researching into cells. Before I knew it work experience had almost arrived. It was rattling reach around the house I suppose I was exc ited because I didnt have a clew what I was going to be doing and in like manner a little scared for the same reason.The first break of day was pretty easy because I had no dress code, and as my mother is her own boss, I had no strict hours either. Also I didnt have to be polite around my mother, so I could on the nose be my self. I was sort of expecting it to be boring working with my mother but nothing could dress up me for what I did on my first day. My first chore of the day was to fill, empty, sterilise and prepare bottles for other people. This wasnt very challenging, so I got bored quickly. In the after(prenominal)noon my mum noticed I was bored, so let me do the jobs she hates.Firstly, she make me sort out the bookshelves in her office. This included sorting out a 6ft long shelf full of catalogues, into alphabetical order and to date. The earliest being from 1992. After finishing that, she put my keyboard skills to good use by making me type out the register on the re ckoner for four of her classes. At the end of my first day I was disappointed for not having had a fun day. I also felt worried in case my whole week would be this boring. The second day was a little bit more challenging.In the morning I had to draw pictures on a computer for my mothers poster. This was irritating because nothing was perfect enough for her. She kept on making me change the smallest details, and I accomplished that day that she was the fussiest person I knew, but the finished product managed to satisfy her. In the afternoon I worked with my mothers friend, Mike Turner, who works in the Electro Microscopy Unit in the university. This is where they take pictures with really big powerful microscopes. At first I was quite shy because Ive never met him before.I suppose I was expecting him to be a shy brainy man that wouldnt really talk to me. On the contrary, he would not stop lecture and make jokes. I felt like I could talk to him easy and that made me feel palmy beei ng there. He sat me down by one of the microscopes and made me look at bugs and flowers through it. This was distinct and I enjoyed it more than my mothers office, although it got boring after a while sitting in front of a screen just looking at bugs. On the third day, I met another of my mothers friends, Guy Pitt.He is a photographer and developer in the university. I wasnt that nervous because my older sister did the same for her work experience and told me he was the best man to work with, and he was by far the best person who looked after me that week because he thought about what I might like to do. He gave me an expensive television camera and sent me around town to take photos of anything. I took pictures of Cardiff Castle and animals like birds and squirrels. In the afternoon I met Mike Turner again and took pictures of cells with his microscope camera.Although he was enthusiastic about the cells I didnt find them that interesting and just pretended to like the pictures I took. The fourth day was the best day of the week. I was in Guys detention for the day. I met him in the morning and he gave me the camera with a new film and sent me to town again and told me to return at two oclock. In town I met a lot of my friends and went shop and took pictures of a burnt building that was in ruins. When I returned we changed the films into negatives in the dark room by utilize all sorts of chemicals, and let them dry for Friday.On Friday, Guy and I changed the negatives into real pictures. He was very impress with the pictures I took of the burnt building and asked if he could keep some. This made me feel good of my self and made me consider a career in photography, maybe sport photography. We finished by eleven oclock so he gave me the afternoon off and I went home. I enjoyed the experience despite having doubts about it at the lineage of the week. The best part of the week was working with Guy, he really made me think about my career.

Riordan Manufacturing HR System Analysis Essay Example for Free

Riordan Manufacturing HR form Analysis assayThe smart HRIS strategy architecture ordain be implemented and integrated into the existing IT infrastructure which bequeath be supported by the corporate office in San Jose. I recommend that the company take aim a three-tiered implementation approach. HRIS base requirements and enhanced HR functionality being deployed to a consolidated organizational-wide instance of the HRIS placed at corporate office and a single virtual network in Tier 1 implementing the HRIS base requirements to US based locations in Tier 2 and providing enhanced HR functionality and support to the worldwide locations in Tier 3. In addition to the above, Tier 1 would also incorporate the deployment of a centralized entropy warehouse to accommodate consolidated management analysis and reporting. Under the new HR development System, alone employee information leave behind be recorded and stored. Riordan impart benefit from this system with features s uch as grievance tracking, payroll, protection, with limited access for low level employees, and a central server connection that lead work with most other servers cross-platform access leave alone also be available just in case a plane section manager (IT manager) uses a MAC instead of Windows, they would have access to the info and fin entirelyy Riordans HR staff go out be able to access all in all employee data at any time and at all Riordan locations.Understanding and finding the right software for Riordan Manufacturing, some(prenominal) options made their selves known there are two programs which stood out, Trak-IT HR and Perfect HR. The programs mentioned above have all of the necessary tools and functions that a company like Riordan needs to nurture their Human Resource Department study System. There are some differences between programs Perfect HR does have a Payroll counsel system that will be needed for the Human Resource Department at Riordan (Aspetuck Systems Inc. 2007). Here is a little information from Trak-It HR, Since 1988, Trak-It Solutions has been developing and enhancing our HRIS software to meet the ever-changing needs of the Human Resource professional in small and medium-sized companies. ( Trak-ItSolutions. 2007). Trak-IT HR software is recommended because it will be able to handle all of the requirements that Riordans Human Resource Department needs as it is very easy to navigate through and through and will be very easy to train individuals in the HR department, the system uses the latest technology for HR Departments such as Graphic Toolbar, Pull-Down Menus and Shortcut Keys (Trak-It Solutions, para. 2).This will make it easy for the user to navigate through with ease and has easy to follow navigations. Application architecture will include a new HRIS architecture which will include a DBMS (Data Base Management system), OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) combined with web services in an intranet application, which will be c oded using open source technology. In this scenario the assumption will be that the HRIS system is not capable of storing or producing the additional information needed by the HR department. Currently, the HR department uses the HRIS system to store basic employee information. To implement this system it will require updating (training) all employees that will use the Riordan Human Resource information this would include, Managers, Recruiters, Employee Relation Specialist, Human Resource Personnel, Payroll Personnel and whoever else is a part of the Human Resource Department. Any Upgrades must be based on the employees (User) position and should be determined on how often these users use this system. All Human Resource Personnel should receive an upgrade at start-up of the new system.A User-centered deign for interface will be used, this design will alter the system to adapt to the HR department as a whole and will still carry on easy to understand and be user friendly. Security i s a process and not a state, current refinement and assessment is needed for prolonged success (Security Innovation Inc. 2007). With a new Information System comes credential issues and this system will be in need of some sort of a trade protection system. Using an outside source for security would benefit Riordan and if Riordan decides to go with an outside security company or else than having an in-house security system, this would reduce the technical help needed in order to run the security system, heavy(a) Riordan more time to concentrate on their Human Resources, ensuring employee benefit.We have touched on Riordans new HRIS system and security measures needed for this system and when security measures are in place the HRIS System will run smoothly. Data Base Integrity must be included in this process the undermentioned security controls are to be recommended within theDBMS (Data Base Management System), Identify security controls (Critical Assets) for Riordan HR system Data Encryption, Transition Control, Backup and Recovery Protection, and the last one is most important when all other security bases are covered and Data Validation Controls are also needed for ensuring that all numeric fields are correct.During security implementation process, threats will be identified as wholesome as any disaster recovery. To ensure that the appropriate and correct data is kept safe as well as all HR financial data, the security involvement by outside security firm will follow any security specifications that are needed for the new HR system. They will also run monthly security checkups as well as providing weekly security scans which will be done by a security team trained by outside security and will be constantly informed of any security threats and security measures.ReferencesTrak-It Solutions. (2007). Trak-It HR. Retrieved April 20, 2011 from http//www.hris-software.net/index.html Security Innovation Inc. (2007). Solutions for sustainable security. Retriev ed April 26, 2011 from http//www.securityinnovation.com/company/index.shtml Aspetuck Systems Inc. (2007). Human resources software and payroll software solutions. Retrieved April 26, 2011 from http//www.perfectsoftware.com/

Sizing up the Matter about Matters on Size Essay Example for Free

sizing up the Matter around Matters on Size EssayThe article by Roy Johnson was concerned about the sport open-wheel racing. The author noted that there are new policies regarding the weight of the vehicle, which included the weight of the driver. A lot of women are involved in such races, including those who were least expectedthe modeling type of women. By being so light, there is an advantage in a race, both on and off the track. With transport weighted drivers, it is almost expected to have the cars run faster. However, it is not just the weight that defines the speed of the driver. It similarly challenges the skills and knowledge of the driver about the sport.In this regard, when a model type women run through the races, and if her view and knowledge lacks in comparison to those plus sizes, then who exactly has the greater advantage? The article in like manner included that she is able to attain ranks in races wherein women never reached that almost equal levels with m en. But after the many an(prenominal) attempts and races she experienced, she was still lacking in excelling in this sport. In the end, does the size and gender really matter in attaining the most victorious position in any race? The first placer and grand price? by chance there are sports wherein people would have to accept that only men, or only women, can dead excel in a certain sport. I do no believe that it is being spiteful of sexes, or within sexes. Should the women really be that skeptical about their weight? With these said, he only attend to that this paper could suggest is to keep in mind that sports do not only measure somatic strength. It also involves skills and knowledge.Work CitedJohnson, Roy. To the IRL, size matters. Yahoo Sports. 28 March 2008. 11 April 2008 http//sports. yahoo. com/top/blog/roy_s_johnson/ posture/To-the-IRL-size-matters? urn=top,73900.

CARE OF CLIENT IN LABOR AND DELIVERY Essay Example for Free

CARE OF CLIENT IN LABOR AND DELIVERY testifyWithin our care of the patient, we were able to identify several problems that correlated to affecting our invitees magnate to carry out the labor and legal transfer process. We excessively absorb set several risk factors that be a danger to the clients antepartum and postpartal state. Based on our analysis, problems such as labour related to labor and delivery process and deficient knowledge related to new condition, procedure, and treatment /delivery process. Not only have we determine problems such as the ones stated. We have also managed to identify that our client is noncompliant with regards to her health beliefs and value system, powerlessness related to inability to make decisions with respect to taking arrogate health actions and interrupted family processes related to conflict between family members.Characteristics such as this have managed to add an special problem in affecting her health. Though we managed to pr ovide nursing interventions on several problems, we had also identified several risks such as risk for inadequate tissue perfusion r/t decreased cellular components required for the delivery of oxygen or nutrients to the cells s/t anemia and another risk uniform anemia related to her ineffective health maintenance. In a time of in our care, all things identified were provided with an intervention. Interventions that are not merely dependent but also independent. And through evaluation, certain goals were met upon our care.Teenage motherliness will always have higher risks for acquiring anemia. In our analysis of the case, Madam Ms noncompliance with taking recommended medications and inadequate prenatal check-ups may also be one of the factors that lead her to have anemia. Thats why we came up with how important the nurses roles are in educating the subject to being active and participative in every care of plan health workers and as well as the subject should mutually collaborate . We also have studied that her condition could have been prevented from being her current illness if only she had her adequate prenatal check-ups together with her proper diet. Although it will never be good for the nurses to coerce any individual to be obliged follow what is tobe done, but at least nurses should help the subject to realize the moment of each heath practices. We also have concluded that it will be best if the nurses should be a listener considering that the subject is a teenager.

What Is the Role of Social Media in Crisis Communication Essay Example for Free

What Is the Role of affable Media in Crisis Communication EssayAbstractThis paper discusses the role of companionable media on crisis communication. Social media is the shared interaction between human communications. Social media has had a profound effect over the past several years, and has greatly changed crisis communication. It has made crisis communication more in force(p) and made it on a wider scale. This paper discusses the role of loving media on crisis communication.To understand the role genial media plays in crisis communication, we must first understand what crisis communication, and social media are. Social media is the shared interaction and communication between organizations, communities, and individuals. There are three things that make social media effective immediacy, ubiquity, and availability. Immediacy meaning social media results in instantaneous transformation of information. Social media is Ubiquitous meaning that hundreds of millions of individ uals using up social media. It encourages globalization, interaction, and participation. Availability meaning social media is available to anyone with an internet connection. Social media has definitely changed communication and crisis response. It has been a pivotal role in peoples lives. With rise of social media communication has been democratized.Social media determines how intelligence service is communicated. Social media allows us to communicate our thoughts, connect with people across the globe by stint millions almost the world. Increase in technology social media has become an important way of reaching audience. Half of the full general population participates in online communication like Face Book, Twitter, and emails. It provides opportunity to participate, contribute ideas, and share knowledge. Social media is an efficient way for crisis communication for companies to defend its reputation. If a company has a blog and negative remarks have been made, crisis communi cator throw out respond by counter remarks.One big role that a social media has to make authentic their team, are the ones who are actually the voice of the organization. With the right tools in place any social media stub play an important role in crisis communication. The rapid growth of officious applications increase the potential for reaching a large audience in a very short period of time. Through mobile application quicker accurate information is delivered to a broad audience around the globe.While social media is changing the efficiency of crisis communication, its also changing the practices of crisis communication, and the rate at which its advancing. The three strengths of social media (immediacy, ubiquity, and availability) allow crisis managers and instigators to communicate and manage crisis with great speed. However at the same time crises can be created on social media itself, mainly those affecting businesses. Another way that social media affects crisis communi cation, is the fact that it has changed what used to be regional crises into global crises.As you can see social media is an important way of reaching audiences. In this case the audience must be informed of crises. In the end if it werent for social media, it would be difficult to handle crisis.Referencehttp//www.boozallen.com/insights/insight-detail/4242069http//www.danlandau.net/writing/sources/research/danlandau_thesis.pdf http//www.katebrodock.com/2011/11/the-role-of-a-social-media-communicator-during-a-crisis-a-conversation-with-chrisbrogan/

The influence of airline service quality on passenger satisfaction and loyalty Essay Example for Free

The charm of commit lane military process of process graphic symbol on rider rejoicing and allegiance EssayThe current issue and full text archive of this journal is on hand(predicate) at www.emeraldinsight.com/1754-2731.htmTQM25,5The entrance of sky counseling benefit bore on rider bliss and commitment520The campaign of Uganda snap lane sedulousnessJuliet NamukasaMakerere University credit line School, Kampala, UgandaAbstractPurpose The general objective of this study was to examine the charm of flight path do fictional character on rider propitiation and commitment. To achieve this, the question was guided by four specific objectives to which data collection was gear uped mainly by interview method victimization fully structured questionn stockes. Design/methodology/approach The study use random sampling technique and it covered 303 respondents on transnational flight of stairss using Entebbe internationalist circulateport. information were an alyzed using statistical softwargon for social sciences 16, were w2 was used to test the hypothesis and regression compendium was per mannequined to examine the relationships amidst variables. Findings Findings establishd that the graphic symbol of pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight operate had a statistic on the wholey authoritative exercise on passenger merriment. In profit to that, passenger propitiation as a mediating variable also had a signifi respectable sumt effect on passenger loyalty.It was tell that passenger propitiation differed from person to person as al roughly were more inte substituteed in come to board facilities, some dissimilar(a)s onboard, others in the tone of voice of food while others wanted more extra luggage. Originality/value It was recommended that skyway concern should consider starting various strategies forimproving benefit feel ground on demographic characteristics of the guests such as occupation, age, gender and e ducation take aim. Keywords node loyalty, Customer felicity, air lane avail tone of voice, Competitiveness, Airlines, UgandaPaper fiber research paperThe TQM JournalVol. 25 none 5, 2013pp. 520-532r Emerald Group Publishing Limited1754-2731inside 10.1108/TQM-11-2012-0092Introduction zero(prenominal)adays the airline sedulousness is characterized by heavy regulations which limit airlines room for maneuvering and accessing global grocery stores compargond to other industries which put on paved managements for companies to transform into global players. This has prevented airlines from becoming truly global businesses by impede crossb dictate merger and acquisition activities (Hanlon, 2007). To overcome the restrictions imposed by this nationality rule, airlines formed global alliances as a delegacy to secure some of the benefits of a larger size and scope offer. Three major alliances namely head teacher Alliance, Oneworld and Sky Team now dominate the warlike landscape (Doganis, 2006). Airlines furthermore confine to cope with peripheral profitability (Hanlon, 2007).Therefore the deli really of high- character service becomes a marketing requirement among air carriers as a result of competitive pressure (Ostrowski et al., 1993). Moreover airline passengers can experience many service encounters with front-line employees as well as in-flight attendants, this is called moment of honor. Passengers may judge or evaluate airline service quality through a relation between their experiences and expectations over a number of quality attributes (Gronroos, 2000) whence in that respect is need to examine the influence of airline service quality on passenger felicity and loyalty because node propitiation holds a earthshaking importance in corporate sector.The airline industry in UgandaUganda is a landlocked country, air transport is wherefore of strategic importance to the nation as it guarantees an alternative gateway to the rest of the world. I t provides the to the highest degree efficient and quickest transport means to Uganda and from the country to the rest of the world. The development of a safe, efficient and reliable air transport industry is thus among governments priority programmes and Ugandas geographical location in the heart of Africa gives Entebbe International Airport greater reinforcement for hub and spoke operations in e limitedly the great lakes region (Uganda Civil Aviation Authority, 2012). Ugandas authorized national carrier Uganda Airlines was liquidated in May 2001 after 24 years of operations. Attempts were made by the Ugandan Government to privatize the political party, however, all interested parties which included British Airways and S out(a)h African Airways pulled out lead story to the carriers demise (Centre for Aviation, 2012). Problem statementExcellent passenger blessedness is maven of the great assets for air businesses in todays competitive environment, the on board experience is still something special for the customer, if the passenger is not commodious with the quality of service, they forget reconsider the buying decision for further flights and allow probably switch to another airline (Archana and Subha, 2012). The research related to service quality and customer mirth in the airline industry has been growing in interest because the hit the sacky of high service quality is essential for airlines selection and competitiveness (Archana and Subha, 2012). A number of studies examining the effect of airline service quality on passenger satisfaction have been carried out in other countries, for example, Archana and Subha (2012) carried out such study in India, Huang (2009) in Taiwan, Munusamy et al. (2011) Malaysia, Ahadmotlaghi and Pawar (2012) India and Mohsan et al. (2011) in Pakistan and none of such study has been carried out in Ugandas airline industry which is a great motivation for this study.General objectiveThe general objective was to examine the influence of airline service quality on passenger satisfaction and loyalty.Specific objectives(1)to analyze the effect of pre-flight service quality on passenger satisfaction(2)(3)(4)to examine the effect of in-flight service quality on passenger satisfaction to analyze the effect of post-flight service quality on passenger satisfaction and to assess whether passenger satisfaction has a significant effect on passenger loyalty.Literature review and hypothesesThe aviation sectorThe aviation sector has become the about important segment in the stinting development of a nation. It plays a vital role in moving people or crossings from one pose to another, be it national or international, especially when the distances involved are far. In a highly competitive environment the cookery of high quality go to passengers is the core competitive advantage for an airlines profitability and uphold growth. Since the air transportation market has become moreAirline servicequality521TQ M25,5522challenging, many airlines have turned to focus on airline service quality to increase service satisfaction since service quality conditions influences a firms competitive advantage by retaining customer patronage and with this comes market share (Archana and Subha, 2012). Therefore delivering quality airline run to passengers is essential for airline survival, since passengers are becoming increasingly sensitive to quality.Definitions of service quality, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty Service quality can be delimit as a consumers overall impression of the efficiency of the organization and its services (Park et al., 2004) or as a chain of services in which the entire service delivery is divided into a series of processes (Chen and Chang, 2005). Most definitions of service quality depend on the context and whence focus on concourse the customers involve and requirements and how well the service delivered matches the customers expectations of it. In the airline industry, service quality is composed of various interactions between customers and airlines with employees seeking to influence customers perceptions and the image of the carriers (Gursoy et al., 2005).Though price is increasingly used as the ancient way to attract customers some airlines are looking more to service quality to get a competitive edge by distinguishing their products because competitors are relatively efficient in responding to price changes ( Jones and Sasser, 1995). These airlines competitive advantage lies in their service quality as perceived by customers (Chang and Yeh, 2002). Therefore ensuring quality service is the key for survival of all businesses/industries dealing in service offers airlines inclusive.Oliver (1981) delineate satisfaction as a persons thumbing of pleasure or disappointment resulting from comparing a products perceived writ of execution (or outcome) in relation to his or her expectations. While Hansemark and Albinson (2004) defined it as an overall customer attitude towards a service provider, or an emotional reaction to the difference between what customers anticipate and what they commence regarding the fulfilment of some needs, goals or desire. The definition provided by Oliver (1981) has been used forthis study. Therefore it is very important to satisfy customers because nowadays most of them have exposure to a variety of information, they are more familiar with the present trends in technology, very well educated and more demanding in the products and services they require.Customer loyalty can be defined as a deeply held commitment to re-buy or re patronize a preferred product/service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same-brand purchasing despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the capableness to cause switching behavior (Oliver, 1997). Chin (2002) stated that an attractive frequent flier program (FFP) could in truth contribute to increased loyalty from the repeat business of an increased number of customers and numerous studies have revealed that customer satisfaction supremely affects loyalty (Mohsan et al., 2011 Fornell, 1992 Anderson and Jacobsen, 2000). Therefore airline companies need to review and re-examine their strategies in hallow to sustain customer loyalty.Effect of pre-flight service quality on passenger satisfaction In request to achieve customer satisfaction, organizations must be able to build and maintain long-lasting relationships with customers through square various customer needs and demands which resultantly motivates them to continue to do business with the organization on an on -going seat (LaBarbera and Mazursky, 1983).Therefore it is presumed that pre-flight service quality has a significant effect on passenger satisfaction, thusAirline servicequalityH1. Pre-flight service quality has a confident(p) significant effect on passenger satisfaction. Effect of in-flight service quality on passenger satisfaction Ng e t al. (2011) stated that in-flight services offered by flight attendants affected customer satisfaction. Airline passengers may experience many service encounters with in-flight attendants, this is called moment oftruth. Passengers may judge or evaluate airline service quality through a comparison between their experiences and expectations, over a number of quality attributes (Gronroos, 2000) since most services are intangible. Thus because of this intangibility, most companies find it difficult to understand how customers perceive their services. Therefore in-flight attendants should focus on tangibles by communicating to the customers the features of the service being provided. Thus it is presumed that in-flight service quality has a significant effect on passenger satisfactionH2. In-flight service quality has a positive effect on passenger satisfaction. Effect of post-flight service quality on passenger satisfaction An after-sales service constitutes a means to uncover extra cust omer needs and a strategic driver for customer retention. Oliver (1997) demonstrated that extremely satisfy customers are much more likely to remain loyal to firm than those who are merely satisfied. Hence it is presumed that post-flight service quality has a significant effect on passenger satisfactionH3. Post-flight service quality has a positive significant effect on passenger satisfaction. Effect of passenger satisfaction on passenger loyaltyA study by Mohsan et al. (2011) revealed that customer satisfaction was positively correlated with customer loyalty. It further stressed that, there was need for airline companies to always look into the needs and demands of their customers in order to survive and compete successfully in todays dynamic corporate environment. While Fornell (1992) found that high customer satisfaction would result in increased loyalty for the firm and that customers would be less prone to overtures from competition. Thus the central assumption is that passen ger satisfaction is positively associated with passenger loyaltyH4. Passenger satisfaction has a positive effect on passenger loyalty. Conceptual frameworkIt gives a more detailed insight on the variables that influence passengersatisfaction and loyalty in the airline industry based on pre-flight service quality, in-flight service quality and post-flight service quality. The variables were developed from the extensive review of literature related to the study ( enroll 1).523TQM25,5524Figure 1.Airline service qualityPre-flight Service Reliability Responsiveness DiscountsIn-flight Service Quality Tangibles Courtesy actors line skillsH1PassengerSatisfactionH2H4 PassengerLoyaltyPost -flight Service Quality Frequent flyer programs timelinessH3Pre-flight service qualityQuality of service is very important in ensuring customer satisfaction because absolute frequency of bad experiences will impact a customers perception on the confederacy (Munusamy et al., 2011). For example, if custome rs receive rude services from the same airline consistently they will be dissatisfied with the services and eventually, these customers world power decide to take their businesses elsewhere. Therefore in this study, it is anticipated that pre-flight service quality (such as reliability of airline web site, discount offers, responsiveness to emergency situations like cancelled flights and baggage hire have an influence on passenger satisfaction and loyalty). In-flight service qualityIn a study by Ng et al. (2011) stated that in-flight services offered by flight attendants affected customer satisfaction. Therefore in order to develop a good customer service, the in-flight crew should put emphasis on tangible cues in order to create a strong organizational image. Hence it is suggested that in-flight services such as (safety percussions, seat comfort, quality of food, in-flight entertainment services, language skills and courtesy of in-flight crew) affect customer satisfaction. Post-f light service qualityPost-flight services like offering FFP, energeticness of baggage delivery and retrieval are regarded as important factors that have an impact on establishing good relationships with customers which eventually influence satisfaction and loyalty. In order to survive and grow, airlines regardless of place of operation, have to be both internationally competitive and must continuously improve all aspects of their operations (Doganis, 2006). Research methodologyResearch paradigmPositivist paradigm was adopted because it relies mainly on statistical and vicenary estimations to arrive at a conclusion.Population and unit of analysisThe population was made up of 13,558 passengers based on Ugandas international seat capacity per week by carrier for the selected airlines between 28 zero(prenominal)ember 2011 and 4 December 2011 (Centre for Aviation, 2012). It comprised of international passengers who had at least travelled once in the last 12 months with the selected ai rlines operating at Entebbe International Airport. This meant that the participantshad a clear view or so airlines services. These airlines included Air Uganda, preciseness air, Kenya airways, Rwanda air and Fly 540. In order to ensure fairness and accuracy of the study, airlines registered within East Africa were chosen. Compared to other regions in Africa, East Africa forms a relatively homogeneous group of countries in many respects. This homogeneity creates a favourable environment towards the emergence of an integrated air transport market. Entebbe airport was chosen because it is the one that handles international flights in Uganda.Sample designThis study adopted convenience sampling. Sampling was done by interviewing willy-nilly selected passengers, waiting for their flights at diametric times of the day, on every day of the week, during the period 19 July to 15 August 2012. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was divided into five se ctions, the first section was about the demographic profile of respondents and second, third and fourth sections were designed to evaluate passengers overall experiences with the quality of services they had reliable from the airlines and the last was dealing with the effect of passenger satisfaction on passenger loyalty. Sample sizeKrejcie and Morgan (1970) disconcert was used in determining the sample size of a randomly chosen sample from a given finite population of 13,558 based on Ugandas international seat capacity per week, by carrier for the selected airlines between 28 November 2011 and 4 December 2011 (Centre for Aviation, 2012). Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table indicates that if the study population size is 13,558, a statistically representative sample size should be 378 respondents. However, out of the 378 questionnaires that weredistributed, a total of 303 questionnaires were complete and had sensible responses, 75 questionnaires were incomplete hence they were remove d. The number of passengers sampled per airline was based on how busy the airline was at the airport during the period 19 July to 15 August 2012.The actual sample size of 303 respondents was valid for this study, because studies which had dealt with passengers as a unit of inquiry had relatively dealt with sample sizes ranging from 270 to 602, for example, Archana and Subha (2012) sampled 270 respondents Munusamy et al. (2011) sampled 300 and Huang (2009) sampled 602 respondents. Also (Roscoe, 1975 in Sekaran, 2003) proposed some rules of ruffle in determining sample size of which one of it stated that, sample sizes larger than 30 and o500 are appropriate for most researchers. It has also argued that in order to use w2, the overall number of items should be at least 50 (Kothari, 2004) hence the actual sample was fairly enough and suitable for models which were to be used in data analysis (Table I). Data collection methodsData were collected using both primary and secondary data sou rces. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires which consisted of five sections on the following aspects respondents profile, quality of pre-flight services, in-flight services, post-flight services and the effect of passenger satisfaction on passenger loyalty. The questions were phrased in the form of statements scored on a five-point Likert type scale, ranking from 1 strongly dis ensure to 5 strongly agree. The study was conducted in the departure hall of Entebbe International Airport. Questionnaires were distributed to respondents who had under taken at least one international flight in the previous 12 months with the selected airlines. Face-to-faceAirline servicequality525TQM25,5 toter airline name526Table I.Sample framePopulation(total number ofseats per week) between28/11/11 and 4/12/11IntendedsampleActualsampleAir UgandaKenya airwaysPrecision airRwanda air expressFly 540 aviationTotal4,3926,2805649481,37413,5587215865513137858127524125303interv iews of passengers waiting for their flights were conducted at Entebbe airport. A total of 303 sets of operative questionnaires were successfully collected yielding a response rate of 80 per cent. To reduce the refusals to participate or to answer specific questions, the researcher contacted passengers politely by explaining the purpose and contribution of the research.Reliability and validityCronbach a was used to test the internal consistency for all items under respective variables. Hair et al. (2006) suggested that Cronbachs a coefficient over 0.6 is adequate for basic research. The reliability of each construct was assessed by using Cronbachs a measure which in the experiment was ranging from 0.645 to 0.850, indicating that the scale are internally consistent and reasonably free of criterion error. To ensure the perfection of the study tool, a pilot study was also conducted (Table II). Data analysisData were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) versio n 16. w2-test was used as a way of testing the hypothesis and regression analysis was performed to examine the relationships between variables. This is in line with what was used in similar empirical studies, for example, Munusamy et al. (2011) used Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis while Mohsan et al. (2011) used Microsoft stand out and SPSS 16 to analyze data. Descriptive statistics was used to provide an overviewon the profile of international passengers using Entebbe International Airport. Interpretation and discussion of findingsHypotheses resultsw 2 was used in determining the relationships and implication of the variables. Testing of hypotheses was at 95 per cent level of confidence interval and results from this wereSl.NoTable II.Reliability of variousservice factorsFactorsIIIIIIIVVPre-flightIn-flightPost-flightPassenger satisfactionPassenger loyalty act of statementsNumber of casesCronbachs a883363033033033033030.7230.8190.6450.7040.850used to reach the conclusions. To substantiate the causal relationships, regression was used for determining the correlation coefficients amongst variablesAirline servicequalityH1. Pre-flight service quality has a positive significant effect on passenger satisfaction. In the study, respondents were asked to express their opinions on different items that measured pre-flight service quality on a five-point Likert scale that ranged from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Results showinged that seven out of eight measurable indicators of pre-flight service quality had a significant effect on passenger satisfaction since they scored w2-values that were above the table value of 26.296 and also registered significant values less than the critical value of 0.05. It can therefore be reason that pre-flight service quality has a positive significant effect on passenger satisfaction.This is in line with findings by (Munusamy et al., 2011) whose results showed that pre-flight servicequality had a pos itive impact on customer satisfaction. These results imply that if airline companies are to achieve a high level of customer satisfaction, they should deliver a high level of service quality, as it is normally considered an antecedent of customer satisfaction.In addition to the w2-test, correlations of indicators of pre-flight service quality were regressed against passenger satisfaction to confirm the results got from the w2-tests. Regression results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between pre-flight service quality and passenger satisfaction. Findings also indicated that from among the measurable indicators of pre-flight service quality prompt response to emergencies (r 0.434) and reliability of airlines web site (r 0.429) were among the strongest contributors to passenger satisfaction compared to price charged (r 0.337) and baggage allowance (r 0.122). Results therefore implied that improvement in the quality of pre-flight services offered by airline companies would result into passenger satisfaction H2. In-flight service quality has a positive effect on passenger satisfaction. From the respondents opinions, all the measurable indicators of in-flight service quality had a positive significant effect on passenger satisfaction since they all registered significant values of 0.000 that were less than the critical value of 0.05. This concurs with the findings by Ng et al. (2011) who confirmed that in-flight services offered by flight attendants affected customer satisfaction.The findings imply that inflight services are one of the key drivers of ensuring passenger satisfaction (Table III). supererogatory analysis was performed were in-flight variables were cross-tabbed and regressed against passenger satisfaction in order to confirm the results got from w2-tests. Results from table below at 95 per cent confidence interval revealed that indeed in-flight service quality had a significant effect on passenger satisfaction because all significant values were 0.000 which was below the critical value 0.05 that is to say ( po0.05). This therefore confirmed that there was a significant positive relationship between in-flight service quality and passenger satisfaction. Amongst the in-flight variables, comfort and cleanliness (r 0.460), safety (r 0.400) and quality of food (r 0.397) had more impact on passenger satisfaction compared to employee bearing and crew uniforms (r 0.268) This thereforeimplies that airlines should improve on their inflight services, for example, quality of food, safety measures and comfort of seats since they have high impact on passenger satisfaction (Table IV) H3. Post-flight service quality has a positive significant effect on passenger satisfaction.527TQM25,5In-flight service quality variables1235284567I feel safe when I fly with this airlineThe aircraft has clean and comfortableinteriors and seats.Employees of this airline appear neatand tidyThe airline provides quality foodThe cabin crew of this airline is tender and has good language skills.The airline provides good in-flightservices consistentlyMy in-flight experiences with thisairline has exceeded my expectationsThe in-flight services that this airlineoffers are worth what I pay forTable III.8w2-test for in-flight servicequality and passengersatisfaction celebrate *Critical value at 0.05 significance 26.296w2Df peculiarityStatus160.000 material1.500E2*160.000 meaningful1.192E2*99.534*16160.0000.000 epoch-makingSignificant1.296E2*160.000Significant79.790*160.000Significant89.575*160.000Significant69.843*160.000SignificantRR2Significance0.4000.4600.1600.2120.0000.0000.2680.3970.0720.1580.0000.0000.3650.3800.1330.1440.0000.0000.3550.1260.0000.3010.5070.0910.2570.0000.00085.831*In-flight service quality variables1234567Table IV.Regression of in-flightservice quality onpassenger satisfaction8I am less worried when I fly with this airline because I feel safe when I fly with itThe aircraft has clean and comfortab le interiors and seatsEmployees of this airline appear neat and tidy and I like the crew uniformsThe airline provides quality food (Cuisine ) and beveragesThe cabin crew of this airline are friendly and have goodlanguage skillsThe airline provides good in-flight services consistentlyMy in-flight experiences with this airline has exceeded myexpectationsConsidering the in-flight services that this airline offers they are worth what I pay forOverall in-flight service qualityFrom Table V, all the three post-flight indicators registered w2-values above the table values of 26.296 and indicated significant values less than the critical value (0.000o0.05). These results indicate that the quality of post-flight services has a significant effect on passenger satisfaction. Oliver (1997) demonstrated that extremely satisfied customers were much more likely to remain loyal to firm than those who were merely satisfied. Therefore this implies that a company has to create customer relationships tha t deliver value beyond those provided by the core product (Table V).Further analysis was performed to identify the causal relationship amongst these variables were by indicators of post-flight service quality were regressed on passenger satisfaction. Results indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between the quality of post-flight services and passenger satisfaction. From the indicators of post-flight services, passenger comments and concerns (r 0.503) hadmore predictive power on passenger satisfaction because it had a higher correction coefficient compared to the FFP (r 0.325)Airline servicequalityH4. Passenger satisfaction has a positive effect on passenger loyalty. Results from Table VI show that passenger satisfaction has a significant effect on passenger loyalty. This concurs with previous studies by Parasuraman et al. (1988) and Anderson and Sullivan (1993) who cogitate that customer satisfaction was one of the major determinants of customer loyalty. This aspect is strengthened by Lin and Wang (2006), whose study concluded that customer satisfaction influences customer loyalty. This relationship has been investigated in previous studies for example findings by (Yang and Peterson, 2004) suggested that customer loyalty can be generated through improving customer satisfaction and offering high product/service value. Therefore delivering high quality in the airline industry should be recognized as the most effective means of ensuring customer satisfaction and loyalty.529ConclusionIn general the study findings have coincided with other studies that the quality of airlines services has a significant influence on passenger satisfaction and loyalty. Findings indicated that pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight services had a significant effect on passenger satisfaction. In addition to that, passenger satisfaction as a mediating variable also had a significant effect on passenger loyalty. The study results imply that airline marketers sh ould develop various strategies to improve service quality, for example, meeting passengers desired service levels, improving the quality of in-flight meals, answer service problems effectively, developing convenient reservation and ticketing systems, making convenient schedules for passengers and reducing the effect of service failures as these directly affect passenger satisfaction and loyalty. Implications of the results to the various stakeholdersManagerial implications to the airline companiesThe results of this study highlight to management that safety and security are the most important in-flight service quality dimensions in internationalair travel as perceived w2dfSignStatus62.255*66.676*1.316E*1616160.0000.0000.000SignificantSignificantSignificantPost-flight service quality variables123The airline has a sound loyalty programme torecognize you as a frequent customerThis airline has efficient baggage treatmentMy concerns are highly valued by this airlineNote *Critical value at 0.05 significance 26.296Passenger satisfaction variables123In comparison to other airlines, am satisfied with theairline servicesAm satisfied with this airlines personnelThis airline values customers commentsw2dfSignStatus1.560E289.6041.100E21616160.0000.0000.000SignificantSignificantSignificantTable V.w2-test results forpost-flight services andpassenger satisfactionTable VI.w2-test results forpassenger satisfactionand passenger loyaltyTQM25,5530by airline passengers. This may be as a result of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, the Iraq War and the constant threat of terrorism. To address the in the habitual eye(predicate)s growing concern about air travel safety, airlines should be receptive to consumer input. Airlines should inform the public of their continuous drive to provide a safer flying environment and should publicize the security improvements of the international air travel industry to boost consumer confidence.Government polity makersGovernment should redu ce on the ill-conceived policy initiatives that over-regulate and excessively charge high taxes from airline companies as this limits airlines registered within East Africa from competing effectively with other airlines from other nations due to economic hardships. This prevents aviation from being the catalyst for economic growth. Based on the study findings, the effect of airline service quality on passenger satisfaction and loyalty imply that a company with good airline services is more likely to stand out in the market place because it draws both repeat customers and trial users Therefore airline companies should strive to be consistent with the quality of services they offer to their passengers.RecommendationsCustomers have to be actively involved in the service process to ensure their satisfaction and commitment (loyalty) in the long run. The coordination of the different airline service components, as well as their incorporation in a clear and integrated communication strate gy further supports the creation of a harmonious brand image in customers minds, which is the basis for the development of relationships between customers and the airline and, this could result into the development of honest customer loyalty. Airline companies should strive for value creation and appropriate allocation of resources in international air travel by creating more realistic consumers expectations about the promises that airlines make as this may increase the level of passenger satisfaction, for example, through meeting customers desired service levels, dealing effectively with dissatisfied customers and confronting customer complaints positively. This will enable management to differentiate their brand from other airlines in terms of service quality.Suggested areas for further researchThis study was limited in the context of airline services for international passengers. Domestic passengers opinions on the influence of airline service quality on passenger satisfaction and loyalty might be different from that of international passengers. Hence, an empirical trial needs to be undertaken in order to assess how domestic passengers opinions are different from that of international passengers. 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