The Cost Of The War On Drugs Philosophy Essay

The Cost Of The contend On Drugs Philosophy EssayThe contend on Drugs was declargond on June 17, 1971 by President Nixon, claiming at a press conference that doses and their iniquity atomic number 18, public foe number hotshot in the United expresss (Frontline). Since that time, the War on Drugs has gone on to become the longest and most pricy war in Ameri ordure history (Duke 15). The constantly increasing expenditures, perceive infringement of constitutional rightlys, misinformation campaigns, imprisonments, and the seeming futility of the whole endeavor argon tip m either to question whether the War on Drugs is justifi adequate to(p).This war is being w progressd against a concept and non an enemy, which guarantees unlimited funding and an unlimited time issue with which to fight it. Not sole(prenominal) is it unethical for the government to specify what chemicals citizens can and can non place into their own bodies, the massive resources funneled into this futile o p successiontion would greatly gather other atomic number 18as of human being caller. 87 meg flock over the age of twelve throw a track applyd illegal doses, making this war on a concept approximately a war against the citizens of the United States ( gelt, equation. 14). The absolute majority of resources devoted to the war on medicates atomic number 18 for natural law enforcement purposes, ignoring the lowlying problems of habituation within the consumer culture in which we live. In the words of Thomas Jefferson, If large number let the government define what foods they eat and what medicines they take, their bodies forget soon be a sorry narrate as ar the souls of those who live beneath tyranny (Shulgin 28).Jack Cole is a retired New Jersey state police lieutenant who spent nearly fourteen years rifleing as a narcotics officer. Over the course of his c argonr, Jack evolved from a full-strength believer in the War on Drugs into the co-fo infra of Law Enforce ment Against Prohibition or LEAP. LEAP, as the name states, is an organization consisting of former police officers, judges, district attorneys, retired DEA, etc., who manor hall for dose legalization (Cole, par. 1).Jack believes the War on Drugs is unjustly destroying millions of Americans lives all(prenominal) year and that the war itself is primarily responsible for more of the dose and drug related societal problems (par. 2). For example, by declaring certain drugs illegal one creates a black market and artificially inflates the price of these inherently non valuable products. Where thither is demand at that place will be supply, especially for a pie-eyed realize margin a good deal(prenominal) as 17,000%, as Jack states (par. 7). These remuneration fund illegal organizations, such as Al Qaeda and form crime, as wellspring as contri ande to local violence as seen in gang disputes over drug peddling territory (par. 7,20).Mr. Cole cites several obligate statistics. T obacco kills 430,000 Americans per year, Alcohol 110,000, and all illegal drugs corroborate kill less than 12,000 people per year (par. 9). The US government spends 69 billion dollars per year in the War on Drugs and arrests 1.6 million on non-violent drug offenses (par. 9). Mr. Cole raises the valid question as to whether these monetary and human expenditures are justified in combating illegal drugs while approximately 540,000 deaths are attributed yearly to legal alcohol and tobacco consumption (par. 9).A linchpin question in considering the war on drugs is that of how much freedom an single(a) should turn over. John Stuart Mill addressed this question in his seminal work On Liberty. Mill was of the persuasion that the sole end for which mankind are warranted, mortally or collectively, in interfering with the intimacy of action of any of their number is to prevent ravish to others. His own good, whether physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant (LaFollette 290). By t his definition, the notion of victimless crime is moot. With no victim, there is no crime. This is a major point of contention among umteen beca ingestion humans do not live their lives in a vacuum, virtually every action affects someone else in some way.Another historic aspect to consider is the notion of harm. Who exactly is being harmed by drug use? If it is the drug user that is harmed, according to Mills views we have no right to prevent a keen-sighted human being from perform this action, even if the action itself is irrational. If there is sufficient evidence that drug use directly harms others, that is a justifiable rationality to prohibit societys actions. legion(predicate) in favor of barrier cite many ways in which drug use harms others, such as drug use increases crime, child abuse, spousal neglect, accidents, and non-productiveness. The problem though, is that drug use does not directly cause these harms, kind of it increases the risk of these harms. Rape and m urder are of all time wrong because they always harm someone else by definition. Drug use is more slippery, not every user harms others and no user always harms others. We must decide if the alikelihood of a few users to sometimes harm others is justifiable reason to ban all drug use. This is much like the decision we have already made concerning the risk of gun ownership.James Q. Wilson is an academic policy-making scientist and President Nixons appointed chairman for the National Advisory Council for Drug exclaim Prevention (NACDAP), the forerunner to the modern DEA. Wilson is a firm supporter of the drug war, arguing that the expenses that would be incurred from legalization far outweigh any expense of the current drug war (297). He claims that the notion of drug use being a victimless crime is absurd, that society is not, nor ever has been, composed of free beings (297). In his view, drug use is wrong because it demoralizes people, is contrary to human goodness, and degrades society as a whole (297). Wilson is combining a form of cost-benefit abridgment utilitarianism with his evaluation of the virtues of drug use.A counter to this point of view is seen in the writings of Thomas Szasz, a professor of psychiatry at the State University of New York. Szasz cyphers that when the Declaration of Independence states all men, hatefuling rational adults, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, this includes the liberty to self medicate with drugs (White 279). His view is resonating of Mills statement that Over himself, over his own body and mind, the respective(prenominal) is sovereign (LaFollette 290). The factors of addiction and danger are thought to have no bearing on the argument, that self harm is not a justifiable liberty limiting principle (White 279). disengagedom is and always will be more valuable than safety. In the words of Benjamin Franklin, Those who can pay up essential liberty to attain a little unstable safety de serve neither liberty nor safety (ushistory.org).Speaking of liberty limiting principles, Szasz is speaking from a standpoint of the harm principle, or the report that law may only rightly restrict an individuals actions if they directly harm another (Mackinnon 233). As mentioned previously, this originated with J.S. Mill. There are other liberty limiting principles to consider though, such as the social harm principle which claims that the law may prevent an individuals actions if they do harm to society itself (234). In a free market society, any social occasion that chokes competition may be justly outlawed. This may partly hand over reason for declaring marijuana illegal collectible to the fact that the top ten drug companies account for more than 50% of jeopardy 500 gain and according to Dr. Claudia Jensen, a breast cancer specialist, 80% of prescription drugs could be replaced by cannabis (American Drug War). This would seriously erode the market because cannabis can b e grown virtually anyplace as is seen today with its cultivation in areas ranging from backyards to bedroom closets.Another way in which drugs may violate the social harm principle is in their alleged degradation of the family. William J. Bennett, a former drug czar under the Bush Sr. administration, states that not only do drugs harm the users, but also hurt parents, they destroy families, they ruin friendships (Bender 52). If family structure is deemed to be an inviolate part of societal well being, this argument could stand up under the societal harm principle. There is a risk of committing the post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy if sufficient evidence of drug use directly harming the family building block is not produced.Viewing the subject of drugs through a deontological lens produces disparate ideas altogether on the subject. Firstly, the use of drugs for recreational purposes may very well be breaking Kants imperative not to use oneself as a means to an end. Second, the hi ghest purpose of a human is to be a rational being and anything that impairs this office must be inherently bad. Intoxication muddies ones ability to consider propertys rationally, hampering ones ability to slay a proper moral choice. iodine could also argue that drug use leading to addiction robs an individual of their autonomy, overriding their free will with a drive for consumption at all costs. Also, in relation to Kants maxim of universalizability, one could without contradiction will it to be a universal law that nobody injects heroin. I mobilise this principle becomes a bit less clear when considering substances such as marijuana though.Virtue ethics are most famously associated with Aristotle and provide a refreshing perspective in relation to drug workout and its legislature. By not focusing on the act itself or the presume consequences of the action, virtue ethics focuses on the character of the agent. Aristotle also does not chance on between morality and politics because the two are intertwined (Christie 56). Politics are meant to populate society with citizens of good character (56). By employing the golden mean as mentioned in Aristotles Nichomachean Ethics, we can hope to arrive at a balance between two extremes. Additionally, Aristotle also takes into account contextual factors such as our willingness to do the right thing, to the right person, at the right time, and with the right motives.The two poles of our current situation in regard to drug practise are absolute prohibition and complete legalization. The associated virtues of these positions could be conservancy and liberalism. I think a strategy of legalization and control would best fit the situation as a golden mean. Can condoning drug use be a virtue though? It is virtuous to promote virtue and wrong to promote vice. Through prohibition we are greatly contributing to empires make on vice and adding to the already ample surplus of human woeful in the world. Maybe it is not c ondoning drug use, but having compassion for the scathe of others and seeking to minimize that suffering.In conclusion, after conducting my research I am still of the opinion that the War on Drugs is ethically wrong. I have learned many disturbing things involved with the prohibition of chemical substances. Prisons are being privatized, which is good for expense optimization but creates a profit motive to incarcerate people (American Drug War). Their stock is sold on wall street based on how many people are in jail (American Drug War). Almost half a million people are in prison or jail due to drug offenses (drugwarfacts.org). The backstage companies can also use inmates as private property to do work or produce goods the company profits from, which sounds a bit like slavery to me (American Drug War). The number of marijuana arrests is greater than the number of arrests for all violent crimes combined, meaning that if it were to be legalized, many powerful organizations would lose a great deal of money (skeptically.org). Many drugs were banned originally due to reasons of racism, empire building, and fear (Hooked). The CIA is alleged to have started the L.A. crack epidemic of the 1980s to finance Nicaraguan Contra efforts, with fairly compelling evidence (Webb). Money seems to control everything. The Partnership for a Drug Free Americas biggest funders were alcohol and tobacco companies until they were exposed, now they only accept from prescription drug manufacturers (Males par. 9). Marijuana is in the same DEA schedule as heroin, PCP, and methamphetamine, which is asinine (justice.gov). cocaine is not physically addictive nor is MDMA (Eldredge 13). No one has ever died from a marijuana overdose (23). Alcohol withdrawal is on par with heroin, and both are awful (15).Drugs do not consume people, people consume drugs and sometimes allow them to take over. A peyote cactus, which has existed on this earth far longer than humans, is not an inherently bad thing ye t it is a schedule I offense to grow one in your front yard. I do not think that drugs should be sold from vending machines on the street corner, but under prohibition they virtually are, except not from vending machines. By declaring these substances illegal we are ceding any amount of control we might be able to exert over a wide range of powerful and potentially dangerous chemicals. People will consume whether society says they can or not, in ever more innovative and industrious ways. The current era of synthetic drugs capable of being manufactured in a whoremonger is due in part to prohibition of less harmful substances. It is cheaper and easier to make your own supply with stuff you bought from Walgreens and Home Depot. Seeking altered states of knowingness seems ingrained in the human psyche. Our current efforts with this war against drugs have only served to amplify the negative effects drugs have on society.Legalization and control, much like we do with alcohol and tobacco, seems to me to be the golden mean of this situation. I do not think people should use heroin, but I also do not think I have a right to force them not to in the privacy of their own scale nor that we are helping anyone by making it illegal. We should stop this madness now, there is an almost infinite variety of substances that exist now or are mere potentialities that will inebriate a human being. We are sightedness this across America today with the rise in popularity of incense that has been sprayed with a synthetic cannabinoid agonist and sold for $20 a gram. We are like Don Quixote battling an enemy that does not exist while the real enemy is inside ourselves. If we devoted as many resources as we funnel into the drug war toward education, research, and endeavors to better understand ourselves and the world that surrounds us, society would without a precariousness have a better tomorrow.

Increasing Healthcare Costs Becoming A Concern Economics Essay

Increasing wellness wish well Costs nice A Concern Economics EssayRising wellness sustenance be has become a concern for umpteen nations, societies and even individuals. The magnate to cope with this issue and its implications will be greatly looked into in this report. In order to understand how to cheat this challenge, there is a postulate to starting understand the root ca drug abuses, in other words, what causes wellness fearfulness be to cash advance. After having looked at whatever of the common beliefs of move up wellness alimony cost, the report will and then look at the strategies implemented to getup this challenge. To do so, the report will subscribe to use of a fewer journal articles to critically discuss on the effectiveness of Singapores health foreboding funding system and recommend measures that will help solve the issue better. books ReviewA very common and simple reason that populate give for the increase in healthcargon cost a great deal cling on the fact of aging people and the increased vulnerability of the cosmos to health issues, leading to more than aesculapian checkup consultations, both inpatient role and outpatient. This in turn, causing health bid be to rise. A nonher common reason that many people give for the increase in health care costs is inflation. pompousness causes the prices of goods and services to rise. When such(prenominal) happens, the costs of health care will rise because the wage of the workforce employed in the healthcare industry increases, the costs of medication increases and the costs of health insurance increases, for example. (Cockerham, 2010)The Organization for Economic Co-operation and nurture noted a significant increase of average ratio of health spending to GDP in its 31 member countries. The report too suggested that while technological advancement brought about rectifyment in diagnosing and treatment, this too brookd to the increasing of health spending (OECD H ealth Data 2010, 2010).In another report, rising health care costs was attributed to greater use of innovative medical technologies. However, the report suggested that rising health care costs could also be due to the market power of health care providers. In the report, however, it seemed to suggest that the extent of the increase in rising health care costs in developed countries like the United States in terms of the market power of health care providers are more significant than that in development countries. (Annals of Internal Medicine, 2005)It is undeniable that no countrified is able to guarantee accessible healthcare for all. However, the situation in low-income countries is removed more critical as some are even futile to batten access to basic healthcare for its citizens. A few options proposed to tackle this issue include governments increasing their budget allocations on health expenditure, fostering additional domestic funds for health or diversifying their fundi ng sources (World Health Organization, 2011).Another interesting cause highlighted for the increase in rising health care costs could be due to our loving behaviour in terms of financial prudence when a third party turn outs our medical bills. It is interesting to note that when our medical bills havement travel on the responsibilities of a third party (i.e. employer, insurance company or government) and we besides pay a small and cheap percentage, we are more likely to search medical consultation, diagnosis and treatment even for the slightest illness.A case guinea pig on Singapore health care financing system is through with(p) to discuss on how these considerations are managed and how it may be nurture improved. shimmy study Singapore health care system financing gibe to one of the research studies, Singapores ageing population which is estimated to increase by 12% in 2030 to 19% of its population macrocosm made up of previous(a) Singaporeans aged 65 and above. This i s of a concern in ensuring provision of kick inable healthcare especially where responsibility of the healthcare bill often falls on the children of this segment of the society.Singapores health care system concentratees on developing independence and interdependence of its people on the nation. In order not to create total reliance and dependence on the nation, Singapores health care system begins with building a healthy population through noise healthcare programmes and promoting a healthy lifestyle (Ministry of Health, Singapore, 2007).Singapores health care system then ensures affordability of healthcare to its people through offering universal reportage and multiple layers of protection. In this schema, this is done through (1) heavy government subsidies of up to 80% of the total bill in acute public hospital wards, which all Singaporeans can access, (2) , a compulsory individual medical nest egg account scheme which allows practically all Singaporeans to pay for their sh are of medical treatment without financial difficulty, (3) Medishield, a low cost catastrophic medical insurance scheme, which allows Singaporeans to effectively risk-pool the financial risks of major illnesses. Individual responsibility for ones healthcare train is promoted through the features of allowables and co-payment in Medishield. Eldershield, a severe disability insurance, is also available for subscription by Singaporeans to risk-pool against financial risks of suffering a severe disability. and (4) Medifund, which is a medical endowment fund set up by the political sympathies to act as the ultimate safety net for strikey Singaporeans who cannot afford to pay their medical bills despite heavy subsidies, Medisave and Medishield (Ministry of Health, Singapore, 2007).To promote competition and hydrofoil so as to counter further unwarranted rise in healthcare costs, in 2004, the Ministry of Health began to publish hospital bill sizesto guide the variation in costs among our hospitals, with a view to push our hospitals on this effort to do more with less. There have been some successes since then in spurring improvements, e.g. LASIK prices dropped by more than S$1,000 per eye and the warlike price wars play along to this day, at great benefit to consumers. The Ministry has also progressively published health outcomes on the website to encourage further improvements and help patients make more informed choices. Singapores success was further supported by its statistics on government spending in 2008, when Singapore spent about S$ 10.2 billion or 3.9% of GDP on healthcare. Out of this the Government expended S$2.7 billion or 1.0% of GDP on health services (Ministry of Health, Singapore, 2007). countersign Effectiveness of Singapores strategies in managing rising health care costsSingapores focus on the ideology that prevention is better than cure helps managing rising health care costs by encouraging its population to reduce the need of seeking me dical tutelage and thus reducing substantially subject of such expenditure. Its preventive healthcare programmes such as free or subsidized community health screening programmes and activities aimed at promoting active quick and healthy lifestyle makes being healthy a simple course of life which is possible to achieve. Moreover, this ideology will continue to tackle the unrelenting problem of aging population and the increased vulnerability of the population to health issues, which is said to be a cause for rising health care costs.With strivingors of a fast-paced meritocratic society such as centering at school at a very young age, stress of work upon working life and the stress of supporting and maintaining a family, this often causes one to become sick and have to turn to medical attention for relief. As such, Singapore would need to consider strategies on how to tackle such non-health issues that may lead to healthcare expenditure, in order to further helper its populati on to manage rising health care costs.Next, having discussed the preventive strategy taken by Singapore, the Medisave and Medifund benefits would be discussed. It is grand to first understand that only Singapore Citizens and Singapore Permanent Residents contributing to the Central Provident investment trust (CPF) as well as his dependents (i.e. spouse, children, parents and grandparents) would be able to benefit from the Medisave.In addition to subsidizing healthcare expenditure, the Medisave can also be used to pay the premiums of MediShield, which covers up to 80% of a large medical bill at the class B2/C level or any appropriate compound shield plans from approved private insurers (Ministry of Health, Singapore, 2007). This allows the individual and his dependents who are subscribed to the MediShield or the integrated shield plans to have the most, if not all, of the inpatient and outpatient healthcare expenses, including co-insurance and deductible to be taken care and omits the individuals stress of having the need to seek adequate cash funding for such a purpose. This in turn, helps to minimise the social stressor of healthcare need. firearm this may prove to be helpful to its population, it is important to note that as the benefits is still fairly limited. Compared to its entire population being able to benefit from such initiatives, there is a burden created on the CPF-contributing individual to look after both his personal and dependents healthcare needs and expenditure, using the Medisave. Should the CPF-contributing individual be the sole breadwinner of the household, this would inevitably create further psychosocial stressor on him which may pose potentially cause health debasement and create unwarranted expenditure on healthcare needs. Therefore, Singapore would need to relook into providing healthcare financial subsidies to its population who are do not contribute to the CPF, in order for its approach to manage rising healthcare costs to be e ffective and complete.On top of the Medisave, the Medifund scheme exists to help ensure needy Singapore citizens who are unable to pay for their medical bills, are still provided with the necessary medical care. In order to benefit from the Medifund, a list of basic requirements needs to be met, such as the patient and his family having difficulty affording the medical bill despite heavy government subsidies, MediShield and Medisave (Ministry of Health, Singapore, 2007). While the Medifund scheme shows the government great concern and active efforts to ensuring medical care is catered to the needy of its population, the initiative is still not wholesome and thus need to be relooked into, such as in a situation where a patient meets most of the criteria stated but comes from a broken family and has a family member who is able but refuse to pay for the patients medical bill, he may then be unable to benefit from the Medifund. In such an instance, further implications and repercussions to the patients psychological and physical health may worsen his existent medical condition. Not only will his medical bill continue to snowball, his physical health problems may continue to deteriorate as well.Indeed, Singapores strategies in managing rising health care costs through its present healthcare system seem comprehensive and complete. However, there are still some areas that Singapore would need to relook and focus on in order that the strategies would be effective for its population. With the known fact that change is the only constant, a brushup system would thus need to be in place to improve strategies implemented to manage rising health care costs effectively.A recommended approach for Singapore to review and implement more wholesome, comprehensive and effective strategies to managing rising health care costs may be that of implementing derivative instrument healthcare financing schemes that would assist the various socio-economic segments of its population.Secon dly, as rising health care costs due to inflation has yet to be tackled by its current strategies, Singapore may need to review its employment supporter and salary compensation strategies to better assist its population in managing rising health care costs, such as ensuring its population who are idle to be able to seek employment or reemployment within a short time frame as well as ensuring that the salary compensation for each occupation or profession would be befittingly accorded based on skills, abilities, experience, performance as well as inflation. consequenceThe Singapore government should not micromanage the issue of rising healthcare costs by superficially managing direct influence on rising healthcare costs. The need to prepare its population to accept the change to an ageing population society is crucial in ensuring that every individual is responsible for the

Effects of Low Health Literacy

Effects of Low wellness LiteracyImogen ParkerThis assignment leave al adept discuss wellness literacy, its various influences and the effect of measly wellness literacy levels on persons and communities. The various orders and strategies that view as been devised to everyeviate number 1 wellness literacy will likewise be examined. Since the World wellness establishments Alma Ata Declaration (WHO 1978), simple wellness give care strategies and methods of efficient communication go done been established to promote wellness and improve wellness literacy. This essay will draw on examples of primary health care strategies employed in Australian communities and various methods for improving health literacy that can be actioned by health professionals and the wider health dust.The concept of health literacy can be delimit as the capacity of individuals to understand, access and apply health related instruction and services to maintain physical, mental and societal well being (WHO, 2009).wellness literacy is demand in allowing individuals the top executive to comprehend their own wellness or illness, set informed health decisions and seek appropriate and timely care with this comprehension.In 2012, 59% of Australians aged 15-74 years had inadequate levels of health literacy (AIWH 2012). Individuals health can be negatively affected in numerous shipway and to different degrees by low health literacy levels. For example, individuals with deplorable literacy comprehension whitethorn be unable to complete person-to-person detail or swallow forms that are necessary for consultation or treatment by health care professionals. This may backsheesh to the individual abandoning their attempt to access health care due to the embarrassment surrounding poor literacy skills, or for awe of being met with unhelpful condescension by health care professionals. Additionally, individuals with low literacy may be unable to comprehend essential discipline in mediums much(prenominal) as pamphlets, prescriptions or medication instructions. This lack of comprehension could have dire consequences for the individual they may choose to take no medication, or incorrectly administer their medication which could result in harmful situation effects. These consequences indicate a failure on the part of the health system or the health care provider, as they have either failed to finish up understanding during consultation with patients or have communicated or presented information in a way that is inaccessible for individuals with low literacy levels.wellness literacy not and concerns individual health behaviour and lifestyle decisions, scarcely requires an understanding of the wider societal influences on health.Social determinants of health such as income and employment, tuition and social exclusion (among a myriad of other factors) can affect an individuals capacity to be health literate and health literacy itself is one of these determina nts. (WHO 2009)Lower socioeconomic location has been historically attributed to lower literacy levels, which in produce affects the ability to be health literate. The social gradient is a heavy(p) determinant of health the lower the individual sits on the social discriminate ladder often correlates with poorer health outcomes. (WHO 2003) It is unmistakable that social, educational and economic inequalities get to the commodification of health care manything that the privileged can access and the disadvantaged may struggle to access and utilise. The effect of low health literacy in continuative with socio-economic background can be observed through examining health status among the population of Australia. Chronic illnesses with high prevalence such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease and cancer can be influenced by try factors such as obesity and tobacco smoking. (Department of Health 2012) Such luck factors can be inextricably linked to the aforementio ned illnesses and may also indicate the socio-economic status and health literacy level of the individuals who are affected. For example, an individual who was discharged or had little income may be more likely to corrode processed viands as it is dramatically less(prenominal) expensive and less labour intensive to prepare than fresh, more nutritious ingredients. Inexpensive, processed food is often high in fat and low in nutrition, but can be purchased inexpensively and often in large quantities making it an economical option. However affordable, regular consumption of these products can lead to individuals adequate over weight and potentially obese, which in turn can lead to subsequent conditions such as Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It is evident that societal and economic structures can influence health status deeply and present barriers to nice health that are fundamentally difficult for individuals to catch up with (WHO 2003).The role of the healthcare syst em, health professionals and neater society must be examined and modified if health literacy is to be ameliorated. If achieving health literacy is to be a goal, some rediscovery of the importance of health education needs to occur, together with a profound widening of the content and methods used (Nutbeam 2006).The Primary Health Care overture aims to minimize health inequality amongst social classes and encourage good health for everyone. Primary health care beams and evolves from the economic conditions and sociocultural and governmental characteristics of the country and its communities (WHO 1978). Accordingly, health care providers must facilitate patients understanding and ability to self-manage their health by presenting health information that is accessible for individuals of all literacy levels. In direct communication with patients or clients, health professionals can employ the teach-back method to ensure comprehension by the patient. This provides an opportunity for questions to be asked and clarification to be achieved, thus promoting health literacy (Egbert Nanna 2009). The application of primary health care has been demonstrated as essential in addressing low health literacy and poor health status in Indigenous communities throughout Australia. One outline for improving health literacy from a young age is the Family Planning standoff of Western Australia (FPWA) Mooditj program a companionship based sexual health education program for Indigenous youth in remote and verdant areas. The program aims to educate individuals in early adolescence on sexual health and related issues. Mooditj uses informal discussion techniques to encourage participation and openness, and culturally pertinent art and role playing activities to address sensitive topics concerning sexual and steamy health. The cultural and social relevance of the program was determined effectively through recognition of the various social determinants and cultural influences occ urring throughout the community it served. The development involved extensive consultation with members of the community, parents and Aboriginal Elders regarding relevant health issues, effective methods of information delivery and ensuring that local language and customs were incorporated. Indigenous community members can be trained to deliver the Mooditj course and the sharing of information and experience between Mooditj facilitators and participants is encouraged in order to strengthen the ace and scope of the program. The Pika Wiya Health Service in Port Augusta, SA provides the degenerative disease self-management course, Life Improvements for Everyone (LIFE) to improve health literacy and health status in Indigenous communities. The LIFE program is peer-led and community focused, aiming to bridge health inequalities between the indigenous population and the wider Australian population. The program utilises individual care plans for clients with degenerative illnesses (such as diabetes and heart disease) that are culturally appropriate and specific to their personal capabilities, health circumstances and goals. Both Mooditj and LIFE are consistent with the primary health care approach as the programs have been tailored to guinea pig the health needs of the community with respect for culture and social circumstances. Furthermore, such programs can facilitate increased community capacity and engagement in health education, contributing to improving levels of health literacy.The essence of successful health education programs is empowerment where individuals have greater control and confidence in their ability to manage their own health. Health education that is accessible to all literacy levels, is culturally reflective and developed with consideration of the social determinants of health has great potential to reduce the prevalence of preventable chronic illnesses in twain the Indigenous community and the wider Australian population.Efforts to improv e health literacy and encourage a healthy population must be holistic in character and motivated by empowerment and equality across all areas of society. impressive promotion of health literacy among the individuals and communities which the health profession serves will need to reflect on the social determinants of health and how they are interconnected with health literacy and health status.ReferencesAustralians for Native Title and Reconciliation 2007, Success Stories in Indigenous Health, pp.28-29, folk 2007, viewed 1/4/15. https//antar.org.au/sites/default/files/successstories.pdfAustralian Government Department of Health 2011, Discussion of the four key health issues, National Womens Health Policy, viewed 1/4/15. http//www.health.gov.au/internet/ commonplaceations/publishing.nsf/Content/womens-health-policy-tocwomens-health-policy-keywomens-health-policy-key-literacyAustralian Institute of Health and Welfare 2012, Australias Health 2012, Australias health no. 13., Canberra, 2012, viewed 1/4/15. http//www.aihw.gov.au/publication-detail/?id=10737422172 Department of Health and Families 2009, Revision of the Preventable Chronic disease strategy, terra firma Paper Preventable Chronic diseases in Aboriginal Populations, Northern Territory, April 2009, viewed 1/4/15.http//health.nt.gov.au/library/scripts/objectifyMedia.aspx?file=pdf/47/68.pdfEgbert, N., Nanna, K. 2009, Health Literacy Challenges and Strategies, The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, vol. 14, no.3.Family Planning Association of Western Australia2004, The Mooditj manual a sexual health and life skills program for Aboriginal youth, FPWA, Northbridge, W.A.Nutbeam, D. 2006, Health literacy as a public health goal a challenge for contemporary health education and communication strategies into the 21st century, Health Promotion International, vol. 15, no.3, pp.259-267.Sexual and reproductive Health, WA 2015, Mooditj Leader Training, viewed 1/4/15.http//www.srhwa.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/0 6/Mooditj-Leader-Training-2015.pdfStrobel, NA., Ward, J. 2012, Education programs for Indigenous Australians close to sexually transmitted infections and bloodborne viruses, Resource sheet no. 12 for the occlusion the Gap Clearinghouse, Canberra Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Melbourne Australian Institute of Family Studies.World Health composition 1978, Declaration of Alma Ata, International group discussion on Primary Health Care,Alma-Ata, USSR,12th of September 1978.World Health Organisation 2003, The Solid Facts, Social Determinants of Health, viewed 1/4/15. http//www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/98438/e81384.pdfWorld Health Organisation 2009, Track 2 Health literacy and health behaviour, viewed 1/4/15.http//www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/7gchp/track2/en/

Finance Essays Financial Management

Finance Essays pecuniary ManagementRole of financial solicitude in Wolfson Microelectronics plc.TASK 1Financial perplexity is related to the acquisition, financing and management of assets with a coming(prenominal) goal and planning.Efficient financial management requires the laying down an objective or goal, because judgement whether a financial decision has been rightly interpreted or not must be in light of some(prenominal) standard. The most important goal of a securely in financial context is to maximize the value (wealth) of firm and of the assigns holders wealth.Maximizing the wealth of apportion holders (owners) of the firm is judged by the effect of sh atomic number 18 cost which is the result of business decisions.Thus we define role of financial management into three areas enthronementsInvestment decisions for an investor are based on historical monetary values and security analysis of financial assets such as stocks and bonds. However from follows point of billet coronation is all about finding out new possible ways to manage the business mainly in area of production, statistical distribution and grocerying.Further more, company also fills which portfolio of the assorted types of financial assets to hold. A greens example could be common stocks, preferred stocks, bonds and debentures etc.With regard of Wolfson Microelectronics, it do investments in Research and Development of crownwork equipment and soft wares to $10.6 m all in 2004. Furthermore, company has intentions to significant contributions to research in the afterlife. As a result value of fixed assets rose to $ 29,680k in the class 2004.Wolfson expose two main ideas behind putting capital expenditure (long-term investments)to metre the market requirementdecrease production cost by unvarying research and designWolfson clearly showed its intention not to distribute well-kept kale among its shareholders due to the need of capital expenditure in future projects . The future electronics market belongs to consumers digital portable stuff. Wolfsons management is planning to contribute in this huge market share just about the world, making it sure they keep alive with the high demanding consumer market in the future, though they are newly born public listed company in the London ancestry exchange.1. Refer Balance sheet figures (Pg. 53) of Wolfson Microelectronics plc. one-year traverse and Accounts 2004 2) FinancingThis is the second major issue of the firm as the management inevitably to ascertainHow much bills could be available by floating stocks in the market? Based on both factors, a company forms its capital structure. This is also referenced as finance alloy.How much money they could borrow to run their business with getting in trouble of getting default or excess borrowings.Wolfson raised investment money to meet their requirements by issuing stocks (an increase of $ 9105 k) and increase debt by $ 8273 k. In other words, it fina nced its projects by issuing stocks and bonds to its stakeholders.Wolfson plc. also mentioned financing of $1204 K as negative-in stream stream as compare to $39,364 K in course 2003 in the form of share capital issues and bank term loan. (3.)3) Dividend form _or_ system of governmentIn addition to two important decisions, dividend policy must be viewed as an integral part of the firms financing decision. The dividend manufactureout proportion determines the amount of earnings that can be retained in the firm.Dividend payout balance = Annual Cash dividends Annual earningsWolfson paid equity dividends of $ 407 K in year 2003 but no dividends were paid in year 2004, but on non-dividend equity, company did not pay dividends to its shareholders. So the dividend payout symmetry is Zero for year 2004.As described earlier, it has been clearly mentioned in the yearbook report to retain all future earnings for investment in development and expansion of business and the management does not expect to pay dividend at least for some years in future. (2.) However, this is not an load-bearing(a) sign for shareholders of Wolfson because stock investors often judge performance of the company stocks by their growth which is possible by declaration of dividends.2.Refer consolidated cash flow statement (Pg.54) of Wolfson Microelectronics plc. Annual Report and Accounts 2004 3. Notes to Cash flow statement (Pg. 72) of Wolfson Microelectronics plc. Annual Report and Accounts 2004 If we combine the effects of the financing, investment with dividend policy, the relation could be in a shape of three schools of thoughtSome argue that Dividend policy is ir pertinent because for a company investment and debt decisions are not relevant by the amount of dividend payments. This is also due to the fact when we say that capital markets are perfect and complete and all information is available regarding market conditions and its constituents (companies).Some say that High dividends in crease Stock value. They provide the spring that dividends are more certain than capital gains (price growth of the securities), so a firm which is paying slight drive homes but sticks with the dividends is more attractive for the share holders.Thirdly, low dividends increase stock value because some argue that dividends real hurt the investors in shape of taxes, so less dividend income manner less tax deduction for the shareholder.TASK 2Is Wolfson successful to satisfy needs of Shareholders? Certainly not according to the annual report 2004. As we controvert earlier, stock investors are not impressed at all sagacious the fact company is not paying dividends, but one has to consider that Wolfson is a new public listed company in London Stock Exchange which has a great impact of its concourse directors holdings.If we look at the current price trend of Wolfson Micro Electronics plc. (source uk.finance.yahoo.com), we find that there is skillful improvement in market price as i t is trading above 200p per share from Sept, 2005 to date. The volume of the stock traders is also increased from July onwards, although in remarkable days there are sudden fall in price and volume which is bit worrying for shareholders.Chart 2.1But the wakeless scenery is Wolfson stock is performing above average as compare to FTSE index. If we decide the chart 2.2, creating good price increase from beginning of this year.Chart 2.2 permits talk about the expectation of shareholder and growth lay of stock price in absence of dividends (as in the case of Wolfson). As shown in chart 2.3, if there is a decline in dividends, as a result the expectation take aim will also be decreasing and so as the price of the stock. A rise in the dividend growth consequently put the expectation of the investors at increasing level as well as the growth in stock price occur.Chart 2.3Would it be better if Remuneration package for a managing director is based on Shareholders wealth?The concept o f shareholders wealth arises from the theory that a company should only work solely for the win of these people and has responsibilities to its owners. That could be an effective style in management and it sounds very(prenominal) good for the investors. Following points should be observed in this regardIf company is giving dividends to its share holders from the reserves allocated in the company retained earnings then there is a secure feeling for stockholders that they will not lose all of their money if company goes bankrupt.Management if decides to use dividends for increasing future value of the firm by utilizing them in capital expenditures, then this also makes sense for a firm like Wolfson that is involved in digital technology. We know that innovations and inventions are constantly taking place in this industry which means high proportion of firms money is spent on RD of new products.We have to bear in sagacity that distribution of dividends also require transaction cost for a firm to pay in the shareholders account plus dividend income is taxable for shareholders.Knowing these facts, if were a Director of Wolfson I would not decide in companys meetings not to distribute dividends to our shareholders at all for number of years. Rather than I would continue to give shareholders at least some amount of returns in form of dividends. Why I should go for the decision, this is because of following reasonsDirectors and top management are bound by fiduciary duties to act in the good interest of shareholders.Value of my firm will increase if shareholders have more trust in our performance. If we allocate a portion of profit towards them that means that as Directors of Wolfson, we give respect to our shareholders even in tough result of our business cycle (we know our company is new to the stock market but has opportunities to capture its share in the market).Moreover, total shareholder return of Wolfson would be lower than its competitors in the market beca use when stock investor compares the performance of different companies for his investment, it would be inevitable that share price appreciation and dividends paid are not in a row in our company. The reference group of companies (having similar business) in same sector would also pose affright for us when a shareholder takes investment decision.

Impact of Media in Shaping Perceptions and Policies

Impact of Media in Shaping Perceptions and PoliciesCHAPTER IINTRODUCTIONThe Information Age has seen a variation in the nature of war. The emerging trend is towards low intensity betrothals and legate war waged between states and non-state actors. Information war, Information trading operations and Psychological trading operations have come to dominate the battle space. Besides multitude dominance, contend sides aim to create positive perception to gain international endure and public acceptance towards their strategic goals. The media, including print, radio, television and internet has become a preferred channel to this end. History is studded with a number of instances where media was efficaciously utilized to shape perceptions and influence the will of allies as rise as adversaries. Right from the Boer War, World Wars One and Two, the Vietnam War and the various disconnectedness conflicts, the victors have successfully conducted intensive campaigns to create and sust ain a complimentary narrative. The United States of America, during Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom in Iraq embedded journalists with its frontline forces. As a consequence, the orbiculate sense of hearing was exposed to a new intensity and immediacy of fleck neer before experienced. The massive instruction overload thus produced almost in all favored the United States and its Coalition allies. Despite criticism for indiscriminate and essential dole outing of violence without scene or commentary, the embedded journalists garnered the bulk of spherical attention and were faithful purveyors of the Coalition narrative.In the Indian context, the war of 1971 was an framework where media, including international war correspondents, accompanied the forces advancing in the East. There was no attempt made to either hinder or influence their spread overing. At present, the Indian armament is faced with a legate war in Jammu and Kashmir wher e both the adversary state and its non-state proxies contest the nation in the military, political as well as the training domain. The violent actions of terrorist groups argon complemented by a massive media offensive. The aim is to influence perceptions of the domestic audience and the global community. Then Chief of ground forces Staff, General B C Joshi, had referred to the media as a Force Multiplier while giving out guidelines to the military deployed in legate war in Jammu and Kashmir in 1994.1 Until Kargil, the thrust of the States Media interaction was to highlight the Armys role in human-centered Assistance and Disaster Relief, focus on sports, jubilee celebrations and to avoid media glare during operations. However, the 1999 Kargil conflict was a watershed in war snip reporting. Until then, media was viewed as a meddlesome fun at best and a threat to Operational Security at worst. During the conflict, the Indian Army realized the potential of the media to gain an Information warfare reinforcement over the adversary. In view of this experience, and in line with the report of the Kargil Review Committee report, the Army changed its media policy. It is perhaps time to take a cue from the United States of America and explore the feasibility of embedding journalists with troops intermeshed in fighting the proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir. At prototypic glance, the concept seems impractical and pointless however, a strong case may exist in its favor.METHODOLOGYStatement of the ProblemThe impact of media in shaping perceptions and influencing policies needs no further evidence. However, the Information state of war advantage that may be gained by the Indian Army in the proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir from embedded journalists has not been studied in detail. With a visible slant in media against the prolonged military campaign in general and the Armed Forces Special powers Act in particular, thither is a need to analyze the likely results of embed ded journalists. Is the experience of Coalition forces in the Global War On Terrorism germane(predicate) to the Indian context? Is there a need to modify the concept of media interaction consequently? Will the outcome justify the risks?HypothesisEmbedding journalists with troops engaged in proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir will present an Information Warfare advantage to the Indian Army.Justification of the StudyAt present, the Indian Army is alive to the reality of conducting operations in the full glare of the media. However, there is little enthusiasm among the majority of the rank and file towards media interaction. The anti-establishment t unrivalled of the informal media has fostered a sense of passive hostility towards all media in general. The speculation of embedded journalists revealing classified learning and indulging in sensationalizing huffy issues has also influenced the leadership to restrict the scope of media interaction in proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir.ScopeT he scope of the study being vast, the make-up concentrates on the possible implications of embedding journalists with troops engaged in proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir. The paper highlights the need to increase media interaction and brings out the advantages of ensuring broadcast of a favorable narrative across all forms of media. It also aims to bridge over the hypothesis with research on similar initiatives elsewhere in time and space.Operational DefinitionsThe superfluous terms used in this dissertation are defined below -(a)Information Warfare.2The offensive and defensive use of information and information systems to deny, exploit, corrupt or destroy an adversarys information, information based processes, information systems, and estimator based networks while protecting ones own. Such actions are designed to achieve advantages over military or political adversaries.(b)Information Operations.3The integrated employment of electronic warfare, computer network operations, psycho logical operations, military deception, and operations security, in concert with contract supporting and related capabilities, to influence, disrupt, corrupt or usurp adversarial human and automate decision making, while protecting our own.(c)Psychological Operations.4Efforts to convey selected truthful information and indicators to foreign audiences to influence their emotions, motives, objective reasoning and ultimately, the behavior of their governments, organizations, groups and individuals.Methods of Data ingatheringThe sources of reference are -(a) Books from Defence Services Staff College library.(b) Articles from newspapers, magazines and journals.(c) Articles from the Internet.(d) Interactions with serving and retired Army officers, journalists and bureaucrats.Organization of the DissertationIt is proposed to study the subject in the following fashion -(a)Chapter I. Introduction and Methodology.(b)Chapter II. Historical Background of Army Media Relationship. This chapt er covers the origin of modern combat journalism and the rise in the influence of media in conflicts.(c)Chapter III. Information Operations and Media. This chapter highlights the utilization of media for perception shaping and conducting successful Information Operations. A special case is made of the Kargil conflict, 1993.(d)Chapter IV. Embedded Journalists in the Global War On Terror. This chapter looks at the Coalition experience of embedded journalism to draw relevant lessons for the Indian context.(e)Chapter V. Suggested Contours of Media Interaction. This chapter draws a theoretical model for embedded journalism in Jammu and Kashmir, to meet the requirements of the Indian Army.(f)Chapter VI. Advantages from Embedded Journalists in Jammu and. This chapter relates the relevance of embedded media in fighting proxy war in Jammu and Kashmir.(g)Chapter VII. Conclusion. The conclusion will champaign together the relevant aspects of all chapters to summarize the research and point th e steering ahead. The final statement of the hypothesis will be made in light of the evidence studied. While the paper will be ended, there will pointers to further research included, given the vast scope of the subject.1 Chakraborty, A K Information War Challenges In The Twentyfirst Century. Noida Trishul, 2003, p.15.2 Forest, James J.F.,ed. Influence Warfare How Terrorists And Governments Fight To Shape Perceptions In A War Of Ideas. New Delhi Pentagon Press, 2010, p.10.3 ibidem4 ibidem

Hearing the Voice of God :: essays research papers

Do you like to talk out your problems with a friend? Do you like to hear other peoples problems? Why do we always need to dole out our problems with someone? The righteousness is, humans are weak. Weve always known that we cant know by ourselves. So, its non a question that we need to share our burdens with someone else. We wish someone to feel what were going through. And were hoping that that friend of ours has a way out of it, right? Whatever it takes, we want our problems to be authorized. Unfortunately, its not every time can we breakthrough someone who wants to hear our problems L. Well, thats the way humans are. Were not perfect. But our Father in heaven is. He will faithfully listen to everything weve got on our minds. He is the only one who has the way, the truth, and the life. Of course, He knows how to solve our problems and He will help us with them. Now, doesnt that sound size able? Well, dont you want to learn to hear Gods voice? The question ishow does He ta lk to us? Here are a few ways1.)He talks to us in audible voice. Wouldnt that be totally cool? Can you imagine what His voice would sound like? Would it be deep like in the movies? Although not everybody could hear His audible voice like Paul and Samuel, in that respect are many other ways for us to be able to hear Him.2.)He could speak to us through our surroundings. How? Well, lets scarcely say were going to go somewhere, but on the way there, theres so many things that stands on our way. there could be an accident or traffic jam, or something. At a time like that we should probably ask God again if we should hold open or not because we never know whats going to fade there. 3.)God to a fault speaks to us through the Holy look. The Holy Spirit usually talks to us from our hearts. Have you ever experienced that? Like, sometimes, just out of the blue, you get this little voice or urge in your heart telling you to pray or read the bible? Thats the voice of the Holy Spirit and y ou shouldnt ignore it. Or you could also be in the middle of a interrogation and youre stuck on one problem. You know youve seen the problem before, but you just cant remember the right answer although youve prayed right before taking that test and all of a sudden the answer just came to you?

Schizophrenia Essay -- Schizophrenia Essays

schizophrenic psychosis is a mental disorder that Encarta (2001) describes as an illness that results in psych wizardurotic thought patterns, hallucinations, and inappropriate effect. It literally means split-mind, but is not a multiple personality disorder. According to DSM-IV (1996) dementia praecox is categorized under the diagnostic code, ICD-9-CM or International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification of 295.xx. Symptoms of schizophrenia can be positive, which occur during the active phase, and negative, which atomic number 18 devote in the lead the outpouring of the disorder. Positive symptoms of the disease include delusions of grandeur (a belief that one is a famous admired exclusive), delusion of realise (when they believe something wants to control them), delusions of broadcasting (belief that anformer(a) can read their minds or their thoughts be world aired on the radio), delusions of persecution, and thought withdrawal (belief that their thoughts have been removed from their brain). banish symptoms include anhedonia (the inability to feel pleasure), alogia ( disorganise speech), and flat affect (when the individual does not show any emotion even in situations that strong reactions are expected). According to the DSM-IV (1996) one must fall under these explicit categories in order to be diagnosed with schizophreniaA.Characteristic Symptoms Two (or more) of the following, each present for a significant portion of time during a one-month period (or less(prenominal) if successfully treated)1.Delusions2.Hallucinations3.Disorganized speech (e.g.. Frequent derailment or incoherence)4.Grossly disorganized or catatonic appearance5.Negative symptoms, i.e., affective flattening, alogia, or avolition tick off Only one Criterion A symptom is required if delusions are bizarre or hallucinations consist of a voice keeping up a running commentary on the persons behavior or thoughts, or two or more voices conversing with each other. B. fond/occupational dysfunction For a significant portion of the time since the onset of the disturbance, one or more major areas of functioning such as work, interpersonal relations, or self-care are markedly below the level achieved previous to ... ...mily members of the sick individual as most schizophrenics are released into their familys care. It helps the family members take care to see early warning signs of probable relapse as rise as different methods of problem solving. Self-help groups are for both the schizophrenic individual as well as their families. These groups are not led by professionals, but rather are groups of schizophrenics and their families leaning on each other for psychological support. Works CitedAmerican Psychiatric Association (1996). Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-IV (4th ed.). Washington, DC Author. (1, 22, 23, 147-152)Schizophrenia. Encarta Encyclopedia(2001). Ireland Microsoft Co. Searles, Howard F. (1956). The Effort to Drive the Other Per son Crazy-An Element of the etiology and Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia. New York University School of well-disposed Work-Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. 133-148.Taylor, Edward H. The Biological Basis of Schizophrenia (1986). New York University School of Social Work-Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. 51-57.National Institute of psychical Health. Schizophrenia (1999). Retrieved from http//www.medhelp.org/NIHlib/GF-359.html

Psychologists Essay -- essays research papers

Psychology is the adopt of human behaviour, how we think, feel and act. Psychologists study both normal and abnormal behavior to understand it. Psychologists excessively try to use what we learn from that study to assistant people change aspects of their behavior that they command to change. Areas of psychology are clinical, industrial, and developmental. Careers in Psychology offer varied opportunities. Employment opportunities for capable psychologists are judge to be slightly better than average over the next several(prenominal) years. However, if youre interested in a career in Psychology, you should know that the study program to become a psychologist is a long integrity. There is also stiff competition for places in graduate training programs in Psychology. So why major in Psychology if it is going to take so long? First of all, it is an interesting profession that offers the opportunity to increase the benefit of adepts life. It requires critical thinking skills, s tatistical reasoning skills, and question design skills. also a major part of being a successful psychologist is having concrete knowledge astir(predicate) people and a charismatic self.      People who require to major in psychology usual get a 4-year point in time at a university. During the first four years, the student obtains scientific and clinical knowledge in Psychology. It is also possible to get an internship during the third year of schooling. As well, students pass on get some opportunity to see what utilize practice in Psychology will actually look worry by taking courses and seminars in areas of special interest. Following the undergraduate degree, a two year program of graduate studies in Psychology in a university will lead the student to a Masters degree. Part of that biennial program will usually involve completing a research roam in Psychology. Some areas allow persons with a Masters degree in Psychology to be registered as a psychol ogist. However, many people, particularly those who want to practice in a specialty area of Psychology, will go on to complete their doctorial degree in Psychology before becoming registered or licensed to practice. This will take another trey to four years of study on average. As part of the doctoral program, students will complete a more complex research project in Psychology that will serve as their doctoral thesis. They will also complete an intensiv... ...uch as visual perception and the behaviour of superstar cells in the brain to complex studies of the behavior of large groups of people.Psychologists may withdraw to work in a firm, dealing one on one with people who have enlisted for the psychologists help. In this area, a psychologist may work with call victims, abusers, drug abusers, children, marriage problems, and people with an array of disorders, problems, and some who just hire help with a problem. Ted Bosack, the director of the Psychology department of Provid ence University, was variety enough to answer a few questions I sent to him about psychology. He stressed that the best psychologist isnt necessarily the one with the highest I.Q. It takes dedication and an complete connection with people.Mr. Bosack said, "When youve got a high I.Q., you can write a keep on marriage. When youve got a high E.Q., you have a great marriage." He thinks the best psychologist needs, not only high intelligence, but high ablaze understanding to better understand people. I think his outlook sums up what a psychologist should be someone open to those in need of ones understanding, one that will be a confident, as well as a friend.

Meaningful and Sentimental Best Man Speech -- Wedding Toasts Roasts Sp

Meaningful and Sentimental Best Man Speech groovy afternoon ladies and gentlemen. I would like to echo the primps sentiments and mention that exclusively the bridesmaids come out truly beautiful, indeed.Also, Id like to say that the bride looks absolutely stunning today, as for the groom he just looks stunned. I am on a stern time limit from the bride, so the more you laugh at my jokes, the quick my speech will be.It is beautiful to see so many kind family members and friends here to share in this occasion, especially those who have traveled somewhat distances to be here with us today. For those of you who dont know me, I have been a friend of the grooms for seven years. He has many special friends, and haying the privilege of being chosen as his best man, from such esteemed company, is an reward the likes of which I have never had bestowed upon me.I like to think that my excerption as mavin of the best men is not really because your new(prenominal) friend canceled on you , but because I am one of the hardly a(prenominal) people in the room and indeed alive that has actually seen you complete a homerun.To be called a best man on a day like this is somewhat of a paradox. For today belongs to only one man, and thats you. No matter the size and liberality of the thoughts and tokens provided to you today you have already attained the greatest gift a man can deal for the fare of a woman as beautiful and caring as the bride.I have had the distinct pleasure of knowing, for a considerable component part of my life, both of them individually, before knowing them as a couple. The beautiful young lady that every boy in our class was madly in love with and the boy from the baseball team, who I didnt like much at the time. disbursement time with the two of them is like sl... ...honor and respect both and for himself and for those he loves.As is customary I should leave the groom with wise words, to help in your marriage. Since I am a bachelor, I have litt le invite to speak from, but I hope these help anyway 1. neer go to bed angry always stay up and argue.2. unendingly remember those three little words that are so substantial in a marriage Youre right dear.?3. Lastly, under no portion will you swear at our wife, if there are ladies present. Searching some to find a pertinent closing thought, all were overshadowed by the grimness of the following You dont marry someone because you can live with them, you marry them because you only cannot live without them. Ladies and gentlemen, if you could all be upstanding, and join me in a revel To the two people who are so dear in all our hearts, the bride and groom.

The American Civil War Essay -- History USA Historic Essays

The American Civil state of warWorks Cited non IncludedHorrific The American Civil War, also known as the War Between States and the War Of Secession, was an extremely grue some and bloody contend (World Book 614). The contend, which started on April 12, 1861, when the southern military personnel fired on gather Sumter, and ended 4 years later, took to a greater extent American lives than any another(prenominal) war in history (614). This war was between a divided union in whish the southern states were trying to preserve bondage while the northern states were dedicated to a more modern brass agency of life and were trying to end slavery (614). This war was fought in the minds of vast men like Abraham Lincoln and Robert E. Lee and the end of the war was the opening of a slavery free nation. The American Civil War was a horrible typeface in the history of the world which started from three principal(prenominal) causes slavery, disputes everyplace states rights, an d because of the division which existed between the South and the North.April 12, 181 was a day that would forever live in the history of the United States. On this day, the Southern troops of the Confederate States fired the first shots of the American Civil War on Fort Sumter in Charleston, S.C. (World Book 614). Before this day, Americans had an abiding faith in the politics and the democratic ideals on which this new country was based. Andrew Jackson exposit Americans as ?guardians of freedom for the human race.? James K. Polk spoke of the American government activity as ?This most admirable and wisest system ever devised. Americans, north and south, regarded these statements as true. American politics was a fiercely partisan affair at first. It was all for the good of the new nation. At the close of the 1850?s, citizens wondered if their... ...uence over government policy (World Book, 634). The Northern ideals, however, helped to develop the modern United States as an industrial power (World Book, 634). Slavery was officially abolished after the Civil War in the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution (World Book, 634). The results were lasting, some severe and big, while some were small and unnoticeable.The American Civil War was a horrible event in the history of the world which started from three main causes slavery, the dispute over state?s rights, and a division between the North and South. The war ended because of the dedication and warfare tactics of many heroes and enemies. The Civil War started on April 12, 1861 and ended four years later (World Book, 614). In the end, more Americans died than in any other war in history. But in the end good once again triumphed over evil

The Difficulties of AIDS :: essays research papers

support is a deadly indisposition that affects people world wide. aid is a disease that brings about many social consequences. Many of these consequences result in physical, emotional, and economic problems. aid compromises the immune system of the human body, making a soulfulness susceptible to many different illnesses and infections. Among these are unexplained fag out and weight loss, night sweats and flu-like feelings. These infirmities atomic number 50 interfere with a persons daily physical tasks. For example, taking a shower, eating, working, excersing, caring for a child, and cooking. Being unable to perform these tasks makes an n individuals life extremely difficult. Individuals with assist also experience a number of emotional problems because of the social stigmas addicted to AIDS. For instance, a person having to be scared to let others know he or she is infected, and being unable to engage in intimate dealings without infecting others. Further emotional probl ems trick be caused with the continuous worry of death, which can inhibit a persons normal functioning .People who boast these issues develop a great deal of emotional problems because one feels that they do not fit into society. AIDS is not only a disease that affects an individual, entirely it also affects the larger society . This is so because of the financial demand to friend fund programs and organizations to help stop the spread of AIDS and help those who suffer from AIDS. Although, the money goes towards helping AIDS victims it is costly for tax payers, when it can go towards helping people and developing educational programs within their communities. why should the population pay for the bill for the consequences of others? As one can see, AIDS doesnt only bring about consequences that indirectly affect individuals, but it also brings about consequences for society as well. Every year, millions of people are infected and die from AIDS. This is because of ignorance, act s of choice, as well as religious beliefs. It is fictive that all people know the causes of AIDS, however, most people dont know. Some people think that AIDS only afflicts homo commoveuals and drug abusers. This centering of thinking displays that the government is not properly educating people on AIDS and prevention. A person who thinks in this manner feels that if they only have sex with a person that isnt in an at risk assembly it is okay to have unprotected sex.

Pro Legalization of Marijuana in the United States Essay -- essays res

With all of the complex issues facing the nation today, it seems as if the legalisation of marijuana is existence set on the back burner of legislation. There are so galore(postnominal) opinions, sides, and overall contrasts for and against it that many vote seeking politicians and form _or_ system of government makers choose put up a strong resistance to this issue. In this paper I will illustrate the reasons why I depend marijuana should indeed be legalized and also the arguments from people who disagree and go through that it should stay an illegal medicine. Marijuana has been around for centuries. It comes from the species of plant Cannabis Sativa, and is utilize for things other that its renowned drug form, such as rope, clothing, medicines, and oils. Other car park names for it include weed, pot, grass, reefer, and bud. The drug was actually not outlawed in the United States until the passage of the Marijuana Tax Act in 1937, which make the possession and sale of the plant illegal. A large part of the cowcatcher fear and misrepresentation was due to ethnic and racial concerns of the southwestern U.S. greathearted immigrant populations moved into the area and introduced pot as a recreational drug, analogous to the use of alcohol or tobacco. The xenophobic reaction caused the initial rejection of the drug and led to its outlaw in 1937. Since that time, government and societys ignorance have kept the drug illegal.In a nutshell, there are many substantial reasons why the use of marijuana should be made a legal drug. Some of the reasons I will be discussing to corroboration my argument are crime reduction, government benefits, medicinal benefits, lack of evidence to support harm, and innate rights. First and foremost is the issue of ones constitutional right. Even if a drug is shown to be ha... ...here have been no save deaths as a result of marijuana use, unlike alcohol or tobacco, and most doctors will agree it is safer to use. Its recreati onal use would not score more crime as some would try to argue. Marijuana being illegal essentially has no validity at all. So, because of all the haughty aspects, marijuana should definitely be legalized in the U.S.Bibliography1.Bonnie, Richard & Whitehead II, Charles H. Marijuana reliance History of Marijuana Prohibition. New York Open Society Institute, 1999. 2.Bender, David. do drugs Abuse Opposing Viewpoints. New York Green Press, 1994.3.Goldberg, Raymond. Taking Sides Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in Drugs & Society. New York The Dushkin Publishing Group, Inc., 1993.4.Randall, Robert. Marijuana Rx The Patients contend for Medicinal Pot. Thundermouth Press, 1998.

Quest for Self-Determination in I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings and Lak

Quest for Self-Determination in I sleep with wherefore The Caged domestic fowl Sings and Lakota Woman During their growing up years, children struggle to notice their personalised place in society. It is difficult for children to find their place when they ar given over numerous advantages, but when a child is oppressed by their parents or grandparents, males in their life, and the possessive finis, the road to achieving self-identity is fraught with enormous obstacles to overcome. Maya Angelous I greet wherefore The Caged Bird Sings and bloody shame Crow trails Lakota Woman interpret the 2 womens triumph over formidable social obstacles and their struggle to secure a sense of identity and self-acceptance (Draper 1). Both women grew up in separate societies Mary Crow bounder on the Rosebud Sioux Indian Reservation in southeastward Dakota, and Maya Angelou in the black community of Stamps, Arkansas. As is common with nonage children, they fatigued most of their c hildhood living with their grandparents. Both women also go through oppression by their parents and grandparents, who are the first contact with other flock that children have. eve though Marys mother and grandmother spoke the Lakota language, they refused to teach it to Mary. They told her that oratory Indian would only hold you back, turn you the wrong way (Crow Dog 22). They wanted Mary to have a white mans education (Crow Dog 22). In contrast, Maya was denied a white mans education, not only by the dominant culture but also by her grandmother. Maya attended the Lafayette County Training School, which was the prepare for blacks. In addition, Mayas grandmother forbade her from reading books by white authors. This restriction is exemplified in the succeeding(a) passage Bail... ...e barriers blocking their chosen path and achieve the military unit to lapse their lives as they see fit. Works Cited Angelou, Maya. I see Why The Caged Bird Sings. peeled York Bantam, 199 3. Crow Dog, Mary. Lakota Woman. new-fangled York HarperPerennial, 1991. Draper, James P., ed., et al. coeval literary Criticism, Vol. 77. Detroit Gale inquiry Inc., 1993. Mahtowin, Mary Crow Dog Real Life Hero. New Directions for Women, Vol. 21, No.2, March-April, 1992, p. 28. Narins, Brigham, and Deborah A. Stanley, eds., et al. Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 93. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1996. ONeale, Sondra. Reconstruction of the Composite Self New Images of shameful Women in Maya Angelous Continuing Autobiography. Black Women Writers (1950-1980) A Critical Evaluation, alter by Mari Evans, Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1984, pp. 25-37. Quest for Self-Determination in I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings and LakQuest for Self-Determination in I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings and Lakota Woman During their growing up years, children struggle to find their personal place in society. It is difficult for children to find their place when they are given numerous ad vantages, but when a child is oppressed by their parents or grandparents, males in their life, and the dominant culture, the road to achieving self-identity is fraught with enormous obstacles to overcome. Maya Angelous I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings and Mary Crow Dogs Lakota Woman depict the two womens triumph over formidable social obstacles and their struggle to achieve a sense of identity and self-acceptance (Draper 1). Both women grew up in segregated societies Mary Crow Dog on the Rosebud Sioux Indian Reservation in South Dakota, and Maya Angelou in the black community of Stamps, Arkansas. As is common with minority children, they spent most of their childhood living with their grandparents. Both women also experienced oppression by their parents and grandparents, who are the first contact with other people that children have. Even though Marys mother and grandmother spoke the Lakota language, they refused to teach it to Mary. They told her that speaking Indian would only hol d you back, turn you the wrong way (Crow Dog 22). They wanted Mary to have a white mans education (Crow Dog 22). In contrast, Maya was denied a white mans education, not only by the dominant culture but also by her grandmother. Maya attended the Lafayette County Training School, which was the school for blacks. In addition, Mayas grandmother forbade her from reading books by white authors. This restriction is exemplified in the following passage Bail... ...e barriers blocking their chosen path and achieve the power to lead their lives as they see fit. Works Cited Angelou, Maya. I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings. New York Bantam, 1993. Crow Dog, Mary. Lakota Woman. New York HarperPerennial, 1991. Draper, James P., ed., et al. Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 77. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1993. Mahtowin, Mary Crow Dog Real Life Hero. New Directions for Women, Vol. 21, No.2, March-April, 1992, p. 28. Narins, Brigham, and Deborah A. Stanley, eds., et al. Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 93. Detroit Gale Research Inc., 1996. ONeale, Sondra. Reconstruction of the Composite Self New Images of Black Women in Maya Angelous Continuing Autobiography. Black Women Writers (1950-1980) A Critical Evaluation, edited by Mari Evans, Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1984, pp. 25-37.

Essays --

The Revolutionary War The revolutionary war is a revolution that occurred in the thirteen British colonies located in northeastern America, which was a follow of the British Empire during the eighteenth century. The colonies were settled by immigrants from Europe especially from England and interpreted by the right to secede from the British and conduct their affairs by themselves. The war began on April 19, 1775, when the American revolutionists clashed with the British army in the cities of Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts, and lasted eight familys and stop on September 3, 1783 at the signing of the Treaty of Paris amid Britain and the United States, Which Britain declared the independence of the United States. The main reasons for the birth of the American democracy were because of the economic policy pursued by British presidential term at that time and the taxes that were on tea. A law was passed in the year of 1651 provides for move all t he exports from the colonies to England on ships owned by Englishmen and also operated by Englishmen. Additionally...

Should College Students Be Tested For Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome? :: essays research papers fc

Should College Students Be Tested For Acquired resistant Deficiency Syndrome?Today, Acquired tolerant Deficiency Syndrome is a horrifying epidemic that is grasping our younger adults. If much college students knew more active the exact effect of AIDS, then it wouldnt be a huge epidemic as is now. College students need to be cadence- interrogationed for AIDS so that they lot inform other flock of the gelid sex of the sexual background so that they dont moot the deadly disease to them. Today with many of the college students being sexually progressive with people that they b arly know, it is encouraged that students get tested for AIDS at least every 3 months for virus. Catching AIDS is not a joke and no one wants to be the unlucky soul to keep up it. Once acquiring AIDS, on that point is no turning back because Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is non-curable. I believe that a lack of knowledge of their brace background is the reason why students contract AIDS.If a per son is human immunodeficiency virus positive, I believe that it is everyones right to know so that they can be safe from cold-hearted people who dont want to propound having it. Luckily a female student at Si Tanka-Huron University in Huron, South Dakota didnt contract the disease, from her boyfriend who did not inform her that he was HIV positive, before the two of them proceeded in unprotected sexual intercourse. His figure of speech is Nikko Briteramos and he was sentenced for having sex with his girlfriend without revealing that he had HIV. Their was justice this succession with the girl being HIV negative but the next time someone unprotected sex with someone that they do not full understand their sexual background might not be so fortunate (Anonymous 39). It is instances like this one why I believe that there should be some type of tattoo or something to let people know that someone is HIV positive so that there depart not be any suspicions of a mate lying about not having HIV. The tattoo can be permanent or temporary(for those diseases that are curable). Knowledge of the background of a mate sexual background is a key factor of college students staying aware and safe from Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Doctors and scientists assert that knowledge is an enabling factor with regard to students comfort levels in enquire their partners sexual histories, and in requesting that partners take an AIDS test just as the girl should of did her boyfriend Nikko Briteramos.

Gothic Cathedrals :: Europe European Architecture Essays

Gothic CathedralsFor nearly four hundred historic period Gothic style dominated the architecture ofWestern europium. It originated in northerly France in the twelfth century, andspread rapidly across England and the Continent, invading the sr. Viking empireof Scandinavia. It confronted the Byzantine provinces of Central Europe andeven made appearances in the near East and the Americas. Gothic architectsdesigned town halls, royal palaces, courthouses, and hospitals. They fortifycities and castles to defend lands against invasion. But it was in the serviceof the church, the most prolific constructor of the Middle Ages, that the Gothicstyle got its most meaningful expression, providing the widest scope for the discipline of architectural ideas.Although by 1400 Gothic had become the universal style of construct inthe Western world, its creative heartland was in northern France in an landstretching from the royal domain around Paris, including Saint-Denis andChartres, to the region of the Champagne in the east and southward to Bourges.Within this restricted area, in the series of cathedrals construct in the course ofthe 12th and 13th centuries, the major innovations of Gothic architecture tookplace.The supernatural character of medieval religious architecture was givena special form in the Gothic church. Medieval man considered himself exclusively animperfect refraction of Divine Light of God, Whose Temple stood on earth, gibe to the text of the dedication ritual, stood for the Heavenly City ofJerusalem.3 The Gothic variation of this point of view was a cathedral sogrand that seems to derogate from the man who enters it, for space, light, structureand the plastic effects of the stonework are made to stupefy a visionary scale.The result of the Gothic style is distortion as there is no fixed set ofproportions in the parts. Such architecture did not only express the physicaland spiritual needs of the Church, besides also the general attitude of the peopleof that time. Gothic was not dark, massive, and contained homogeneous the olderRomanesque style, nevertheless light, open, and aerial, and its appearance in all partsof Europe had an enduring effect on the outlook of succeeding generations.Gothic architecture evolved at a time of profound social and economic tack in Western Europe. In the late eleventh and twelfth centuries mickle andindustry were revived, particularly in northern Italy and Flanders, and a lively medico brought about better communications, not only between neighboring townsbut also between far-distant regions. Politically, the twelfth century wasalso the time of the blowup and consolidation of the State.

Global Warming Essay -- Environment Climate Change

Global Warming and The EnvironmentGlobal warming is a end point used to describe a gradual increase in the fair(a) temperature of the Earths atmosphere and its oceans (All intimately Global Warming, 2007, para.1). There is no doubt this is an central matter that will bear upon planet primer coat for many historic period to come. Global warming is a critical issue that impacts the entire valet and the potential consequences caused by it will have a negative impact if human contribution is not reduced. Although many people disagree with the causes and outcomes, at that place is certainly enough information available to support the argument. At this time, ball-shaped warming is said to be a crisis with carbon and emissions of Co2 organism made out to be the culprit (Turpin, 2007, p.30). These atomic number 18 just ii of the multiple human contributions that add to the cause. The congressship between human moment and the signifi dissolvet impact on the environment are in r elation with the respect to global warming. It is not necessarily the human need or desire to drive triggerman guzzling vehicles, littering the earth, or to cut belt down precious trees to destroy the environment, but the need of those on earth to be wasteful and destructive.Another factor to consider in the contribution is that broth are excessively responsible for 18% of green house gas (methane and nitrous oxide) world wide ? more then all the planes, trains and automobiles on the planet (Turpin, 2007, p30). In addition to the natural causes of global warming, humans also play a significant part in the contribution. Although little can be done to reverse the damage that is already apparent, there are many habits that can be changed by those living on this earth to slow down the process, outside of the natural causes.Some o... ...007). All About Global Warming. Retrieved April 11, 2008, from http//www.live skill.com/globalwarming/NASA Top Story. (2003). Recent Warming of Arct ic May propel Worldwide Climate. Retrieved April 12, 2008, from http//www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/news/topstory/2003/1023esuice.html. New York Times.(2008). Global Warming. Retrieved April 12, 2008, from http//topics.nytimes.com/top/news/science/topics/globalwarming/index.html?inline=nyt-classifierSpecies Extinctions. (2007). Species Extinctions still rising, experts warn. Retrieved April 11, 2008, from http//www.msnbc.msn.msn.com/id/20738173/Turpin, J. (2007). Is Carbon the Culprit? Air conditioning Heating & Refridgeration. Retrieved April 11,2008, from http//wf2dnvr3.webfeat.org/fvVkJ13/universal resource locator=http//web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf?vid=5&hid=16&sid=ac7d44ab-7544-4b7c-9bda-9eafea0d9398%40sessionmgr107

We Must Reduce Class Sizes and Improve Teaching Methods Essay -- Class

County heights schools current purpose of raising is to prepare students with the knowledge they imply to be ready for the workforce. To fulfill their purpose they place a minimum of 30 students, if not more, in severally class with altogether when one teacher. I, as a junior at County High school, believe that to improve the education for the long term benefit of students the number of classes should be reduced and the normal teaching methods should be improved.Class sizes are too large and need to be reduced. For example, currently, there are 36 students enrolled in my English class, including myself. I have no task of any kind with the other students. My problem is that there are so many students in that class that as a result, only some get feedback from the teacher. It is unfair that the teacher only has time to talk to some. If the class sizes are reduced the teacher leave behind have the opportunity to talk one on one with the students, portion them overcome their a cademic struggles. In a class of 40, not solely students are sentient of what the teacher is teaching them. Some sit in the back of the classroom like brainless zombies and waste their time day dreaming or doing something else. It is not obvious whether each student participates or not. There are so many that students hardly engage with the class. only when in a class of 20, it is obvious if a student does not participate. Students are forced to be sentient and engage in whats going on. In both classes there are students who are conscious. The only major difference is that in a sm solelyer class all students are conscious rather than only some.If the classes are reduced each student will get an equal opportunity to engage in the education that will get them into the workforce. Jam... ...le of the Cave. Republic. (Harmondsworth Penguin, 1974.) pg.240-48. Print. James Baldwin, A Talk To Teachers, in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Diss in Aufses. (Boston, MA Bedford/ St. Martins, 2008) pg.123-129. James Baldwin, A Talk To Teachers, in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Dissin Aufses. (Boston, MA Bedford/ St.Martins, 2008) pg.123-129. IBID Horace Mann, A Report of the Massachusetts Board of Education, in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Dissin Aufses. (Boston, MA Bedford/ St. Martins, 2008) pg. 150-152. Ralph Waldo Emerson, Education, in The Language of Composition, edited by Renee H. Shea, Lawrence Scanlon, Robin Dissin Aufses. (Boston, MA Bedford/ St. Martins, 2008) pg. 103-108.

William Blakes The Little Black Boy Essay example -- William Blake Th

William Blakes The Little pitch swartness BoyThe theme of electric charge, being the act of guarding, protecting, and taking care of another person, is real prominent in William Blakes The Little Black Boy. Three distinct instances of guardianship can be seen in Blakes poem. These guardianship roles begin with the microscopical sons mother, followed by God, and ultimately ending with the unsuspecting little black boy himself. It is relatively easy to see the repression of blacks by lily-whites in the way in which the little black boy speaks and conveys his thoughts. These racial thoughts approximately immediately begin the poem, with the little black boy expressing that he is black as if bereaved of light, and the little English child is as white as an angel. The wonderful part of these verses is the fact that the little black boy knows that his soul is white, illustrating that he knows about God and His issue. In Blakes poem, it is very brighten that the little black boy a nd his mother have a very close and affectionate relationship. The boy expresses how his mother sits with him under the shade of the guide and shares with him the love of God. The little black boy, being influenced by society during this time, believes that in one case his black skin passes away, then the English child will love him. In hopes of changing his view of himself and his skin color, the boys mother tells him that there is an wages to having black skin. The mother implies that black skin can bear more(prenominal) ...

Using Tangrams To Explore Mathematical Concepts Essay -- Learning Math

Using Tangrams To Explore Mathematical ConceptsRepresentations have always been a in truth important part of teaching mathematics. The visuals and hands on experiences help oneself to aide the instructors by assisting them in relaying important topics and concepts to the students. By having a representation, the students argon more likely to remember what they have learned, and recall the lesson when it comes time to ascertain a test or do their homework. Within mathematics, many antithetic manipulatives atomic turning 18 utilise to enhance learning. Among the most commonly used be tangrams. The septet pieces that make up a set of tangrams have nurture well beyond their small size. One of their most important values, former(a) than providing educational entertainment to students, is the introduction of geometric properties and theorems. When introducing the idea of using tangrams, it is beloved to tell the old Chinese folktale ab come in how they came to be. The story goes as follows, A young boy named Tan wished to open the emperor a beautiful tile. As he carries the tile to the palace, he accidentally drops it and it breaks it into septette pieces. Tan tries and tries to restore the tile to its original shape. In the process, he finds out that he can create all sorts of fascinating pictures with the seven pieces of his tile. The seven tile pieces are what are now called tangrams. (Tackling Tangrams, 2000) This story illustrates that tangrams can be used a method of discovery, as well as for habit since many pictures can be formed. It also helps students to see why they are able to form a square, which is the main basis for the manipulative. It is beneficial to give the students some time to play and explore with the tangrams after the story is told so they can find different pictures. By having the students use investigation, a teacher is able to establish a trusting classroom atmosphere as w ell as have the students see that abstract concepts are very meaningful. (Conundrum, 2001) By definition, a tangram is an ancient Chinese puzzle that provides another pathway for exploring rational number concepts. (Teaching and Learning, 83) They are very useful to explore number concepts as well as in guided discovery. Tangrams are used for many things, including, understanding fractions, relating areas, discovering the Pyth... ...om. Guided discovery by means of concrete materials go away take over all math classes soon. As long as tangrams are among them, the students will learn a lot and retain the learning for a lot longer. Works CitedAreas of Tangram Pieces. http//mathforum.org/trscavo/tangrams/area.html.Developing Geometric Understandings and Spatial Skills through Tangram Puzzles. http//illuminations.nctm.org/index_d.aspx?id=168Hatfield, Mary. Use of Manipulative Devices Elementary School Cooperating Teachers Report. School Science and Mathematics. bra shness 94, Issue 6. October 1994.More Tangram Activities. http//mathforum.org/trscavo/tangrams/activities.htmlNaylor, Michael. Tangram Tricks. Teaching Pre K-8. 32 no 8, 26-7. May 2002.The Pythagorean Theorem with Tangrams http//www.math.wichita.edu/history/activities/geometry-act.htmlpyth-tan.Rigdon, Deanna. Tackling Tangrams. Teaching Children Mathematics. 6 no 5, 304-5. January 2000. Rubenstein. Teaching and Learning nerve center Grades Mathematics. Key College Publishing. California. 2004Thatcher, Debra. The Tangram Conundrum. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School. 6 no 7, 397-9. March 2001.

Impact of European Expansion on the Environment :: Environment Environmental Pollution Preservation

trespass of European Expansion on the EnvironmentTechnology has facilitated the transportation of a mass of people from one part of the world to another. This massive sympathetic travel, either it be the exploration, colonization, or trade of the early European nations or the contemporary infrastructure of trade, tourism, or globalization, has impacted the environment and the homophiles involved. This newspaper focuses on the era of European expansion to examine the put up of gay travel on the environment and humans. The Europeans were not only responsible for the positive exploitation of intrinsic resources in the places they discovered, but they also took diseases, new technologies, and non-native limit and animal species which had a tremendous impact on the native human cosmos as well as the environment.The hunger for more born(p) resources and the need to trade for exotic goods were the main causes for European exploration and colonization. nonetheless though moralit y was used as a pretext for European expeditions, gold was the real motive (1). Cippola further explains that, Through the idea of tutelage and crusade the conquistadores succeeded where the medieval merchants failed and were able to reconcile the antithesis between business and religion that had plagued the conscience of medieval Europe(2). Cipolla also discards Malthusian pressure as a possible cause for European expansion. Devastating and recurrent epidemics were forever and a day keeping the population growth in check and no population pressure of any relevance was felt in Europe trough the second half of the eighteenth century (3). By eliminating these two powerful driving forces as the motivation for expansion, Cipolla claims that European expansion was basic solelyy a technical venture (4). This expansion, being a very aggressive commercial venture, has some effect on the environment. The Europeans exploited the natural resources of the places they discovered. riotous m ining for natural resources and deforestation for shipbuilding are examples of environmental damages caused by European expansion (5). As the expansion spread throughout the world and the European Empires grew bigger and stronger, so did the pressure put on the environment to sustain this expansion.In addition to the actual exploitation of the natural resources of discovered nations and the harm to the environment associated with it, the Europeans brought with them diseases and introduced non-native plant and animal species that had catastrophic effect on to the native human population and the ecosystem, respectively. Even though the Europeans ventured into all the continents, the Americas were the ones that were greatly affected by the diseases that traveled with the Europeans.