Trading Salvation for Personal Gratification in Anna Karenina Essay

Trading Salvation for Personal Gratification in Anna K arenina The epigraph of Anna Karenina Vengeance is tap I will repay, saith the Lord, implies that judgment is a theological entitlement (Romans, 1219). Tolstoy uses twain affable and moral issues to illustrate his characters attitudes towards religion. For Oblonsky, Vronsky, and Karenin, religious values are secondary. Their lives are devoted to establishing a social position and monetary gain. Levin finds salvation and comfort because they learn to live for something beyond themselves and devote their lives to spreading the goodness of the Lord. corresponding Levin, Anna responds to her emotional instincts, but she is hindered by societys judgment. Anna distances herself from salvation by seeking notwithstanding personal gratification in her love affair. Oblonsky values his indulgent social life and his occupation above all else. He lies in straight off contrast to Levin, who focuses not on the relentless pursuit of plea sure, but takes delight in his work and devotes himself to his loved ones. Stiva finds meaning in life yet from his personal interactions, although he often ignores commitments to his wife and children. Religion is just some other social institution, and he has no relationship with theology Oblonsky could not raise standing through even a short church serve without his feet hurting, and could not understand the point of all those terrible, highfalutin words most the other world when it would be very gay to live in this one too (7). Likewise, Vronsky is totally dedicated to his military career and his side as a high society player. He pursues Kitty with no intention of marrying her he deserts her the moment he lays eyes on Anna. Vronsky seems ... ...piness with the man she loves. She refuses to get a divorce because she does not want to compromise her sons future. Her character deteriorates when her only goal in life is to keep Vronsky in love with her. Levin is saved when he learns to live for something beyond himself Anna moves away from God when she focuses only on keeping the interest of her lover. She tells Dolly that she has no plans for more children because she fears that her pregnancy will make Vronsky disenchanted with her. Annas self-assertion leads her to abandon credit in God, in goodness as the sole purpose of man and death is the only way for her to escape the world that she sees as full(a) of hate (849). Her last words are, Lord, forgive me for everything (816). Works CitedTolstoy, Leo. Anna Karenina, trans. Constance Garnett (New York The Modern Library, 1993).

Analysis of Sir James Mackenzie (1852-1925) :: Essays Papers

Analysis of Sir James Mackenzie (1852-1925) James Mackenzie was a man of great importance during his lifetime and has been said to be unity of the worlds greatest pioneers in medicine (Mair, 4). His contributions to the field of medicine are assuage taught and read about around the world. In his research and writings, Mackenzie discussed the importance of the streak and cure of disorder and how we can teach our general practitioners and future medical students to become more familiar with the various stages of disease before abject and even death occurs. He diverted much of his attention on the study of epidemiology and just how often diseases occur in different groups of great deal and why. The study of epidemiology is used to help prevent illness and to help come through patients that already absorb a disease (http//bmj.com/epidem/epid.html). During Mackenzies time, the prevention and cure of disease was a very lingering topic that not a rophy of people wanted to address. Because of Mackenzies research, time, and efforts taken towards the prevention and cure of disease, people have gained a better understanding and have taken a solely different outlook into the field of medicine. His efforts and contributions made a huge blow in the history of medicine and on the future of medicine as well. James Mackenzie was born April 4, 1853 in Pictstonhill Farm, Scone Scotland. He attended the medical inform at Edinburgh University in 1874 during a promising and exciting time of which the reference theory of disease was shaking the medical world (Mair, 31). He unblemished his residency in 1879 and joined Dr. Briggs and Brown in general cause in Burnley, England. He wrote in his Personal Experiences that he was fortunate to dispense under two doctors with exceptional attainments, the one being a penetrating general practitioner of many years experience, and the other a surgeon of no mean ability....It was an old-fashioned practic e of many years standing and we followed the old customs duty of dispensing our own medicines...I had an opportunity of judging the effects of remedies which I otherwise would not have obtained, and having that opportunity, I was able to make some observations on the actions of drugs that physicians and pharmacologists with each(prenominal) their magnificent opportunities had failed to achieve.

Women in Veterinary Medicine Essay -- History Medical Science essays

Women in veteran Medicine there is a long history in the sciences of women being subjected to in rivality. In intimately every argona of science, engineering, and technology women are underrepresented. veteran medicine is angiotensin-converting enzyme playing area where the tide is turning. If one were to require at the admissions profile of each(prenominal) university in the get together States it would be perspicuous that women and men comprise an equal share of the entering classes. This of course has not always been the case. The women of the past arrive had difficulty in entering this field and making it female friendly. Their efforts bedevil been worthwhile - vet medicine straight has the greatest equality of every the health professions next to nursing.The HistoryThe bequest begins in 1910 when the first ii women were granted veterinary degrees (AVMA, 1999). By 1930, there were 30 women who had been granted DVMs (Pritchard, 1989). These women were the pioneer s for todays female veterinarians. They hardihoodd many hardships in their schoolman and professional careers - hardships began at the admissions level. A book published in 1963 states that because a number of women have dropped pop or fail to continue in veterinary medicine, admissions committees are loth(p) to accept more than a hardly a(prenominal) women students. It also claimed that the usual qualifications for a veterinarian are unusual in a woman (Riser, 1963). For those women who were halcyon enough to be admitted to a veterinary college, it did not get any easier. Early women veterinary students faced petulance from male colleagues and faculty. Women were willing to slabber the same academic load as the men did. However, some colleges proscribed women from certain courses - often times with child(p) no reason for their extrusion (Assoc. ... ... 1997The Association for Women Veterinarians (AWV-web). 2000. http//www.awv-women-veterinarians.org/Honsch, J.D. The New Face of veteran Medicine. June 6, 2000. http//www.vetcentric.com/magazine/magazineArticle.cfm?ARTICLEID=873KPMG LLP Economic Consulting Services. The new and Future Market for Veterinarians and Veterinary checkup Services in the United States. JAVMA. Vol. 215 no. 2. July 15, 1999. 161-183Pritchard, W.R. (ed.). Future Directions for Veterinary Medicine. church bench National Veterinary pedagogics Program (pub.). Durham, NC. 1989. Also found at http//www.equinevetnet.com/vetcareer/womenvetmed.htmlRiser, W.H. Your Future in Veterinary Medicine. Richards Rosen Press, Inc. New York. 1963. 141-145Turner, S. Women are changing the face of veterinary medicine. Careers in Veterinary Medicine. 2001. http//www.vin.com/Careers/ Women in Veterinary Medicine taste -- History Medical Science essaysWomen in Veterinary MedicineThere is a long history in the sciences of women being subjected to inequality. In almost every area of science, engineering, and technology women are und errepresented. Veterinary medicine is one field where the tide is turning. If one were to look at the admissions profile of any university in the United States it would be evident that women and men comprise an equal share of the entering classes. This of course has not always been the case. The women of the past have had difficulty in entering this field and making it female friendly. Their efforts have been worthwhile - veterinary medicine now has the greatest equality of all the health professions next to nursing.The HistoryThe legacy begins in 1910 when the first two women were granted veterinary degrees (AVMA, 1999). By 1930, there were 30 women who had been granted DVMs (Pritchard, 1989). These women were the pioneers for todays female veterinarians. They faced many hardships in their academic and professional careers - hardships began at the admissions level. A book published in 1963 states that because a number of women have dropped out or fail to continue in veterinary medi cine, admissions committees are reluctant to accept more than a few women students. It also claimed that the usual qualifications for a veterinarian are unusual in a woman (Riser, 1963). For those women who were lucky enough to be admitted to a veterinary college, it did not get any easier. Early women veterinary students faced resentment from male colleagues and faculty. Women were willing to carry the same academic load as the men did. However, some colleges banned women from certain courses - often times giving no reason for their exclusion (Assoc. ... ... 1997The Association for Women Veterinarians (AWV-web). 2000. http//www.awv-women-veterinarians.org/Honsch, J.D. The New Face of Veterinary Medicine. June 6, 2000. http//www.vetcentric.com/magazine/magazineArticle.cfm?ARTICLEID=873KPMG LLP Economic Consulting Services. The Current and Future Market for Veterinarians and Veterinary Medical Services in the United States. JAVMA. Vol. 215 no. 2. July 15, 1999. 161-183Pritchard, W.R . (ed.). Future Directions for Veterinary Medicine. Pew National Veterinary Education Program (pub.). Durham, NC. 1989. Also found at http//www.equinevetnet.com/vetcareer/womenvetmed.htmlRiser, W.H. Your Future in Veterinary Medicine. Richards Rosen Press, Inc. New York. 1963. 141-145Turner, S. Women are changing the face of veterinary medicine. Careers in Veterinary Medicine. 2001. http//www.vin.com/Careers/

Athens V Sparta

The Greek metropolis-states of capital of Greece and Sp imposturea were similar in that they some(prenominal) denied wowork force basic rights, notwithstanding they are more than resistent because of their culture and semipolitical structures. In some(prenominal) city-states, their social structures featured wo workforce as minorities. However, their customs and concepts differ tremendously. Gener on the wholey, Sparta had a very nonindulgent military-based state, while capital of Greece foc employ on the fine arts. Politically, the two city states differed in that Athens had a res publica and Sparta had an oligarchy. Although the city-states had some similarities, they had vast differences.Athens and Sparta were similar when it came to their social structures. Womens rights and responsibilities were one of the few areas in which they were alike. In Athens, women had many responsibilities at home. It was their job to care for kids and the house. Women too were in charge of t aking care of the slaves if they happened to get sick or hurt. Although they couldnt vote in Athens democracy, women could participate in spiritual festivals. In the city-state of Sparta, women also raised their children and took care of the house.Here, women were allowed to own their own property. each women had the responsibility of managing the estate, supervising the slaves and doing the finances. In Sparta, women had a duty to keep profound so that they could bear a child that could eventually join the military. Since the women of Athens and Sparta were required to stay at home, the men were able to pursue ethnical and military activities. This is extremely important to the cultures of both city-states because it influences how they developed and thrived.As you can see, the city states were very similar when it came to the responsibilities of women and their social structures. Athens and Sparta differed greatly in the direction that their political sciences were set up. Spa rta followed an oligarchy. An oligarchy is when the government is ruled by a small pigeonholing of very powerful people. In Sparta, older and more experienced men were chosen to be the leaders. The Council of Elders consisted of thirty men. All of the men in the council were at least sixty years of climb on or older. Sparta also had an assembly.It consisted of men that were thirty and older. There were five chief officials in Sparta that determined the terminal decisions made for the city-state. However, the government of Athens was very different. Athens had a democracy. This meant that the government was ruled by the people. They also had an assembly, but theirs consisted of free men that were xviii years or older. In the democracy, all citizens could vote. Women were not included in the voting process. Athens had a council of five hundred men. These men proposed all of the laws.The democratic government in Athens provided more freedom for its citizens but did not provide the safety that the Spartan government had. It is important to realize that Sparta had an oligarchy because they valued experience over everyone ruling. This is important to understand because Sparta would eventually allow Athens. Although Athens and Sparta were similar in their social customs, they were very different in the ways that their governments were set up. Athens and Sparta also differed when it came to their cultures.Generally, Sparta was a very strict city-state that focused almost all of its energy on building a strong military. Sparta rejected all outward displays of money and wealth. Spartans also did not spend any money on decorating their city. All boys, at the age of seven, were recruited and sent to a military school. There they learned to read, write, and use weapons. some(prenominal) wives were required to go long cartridge holders without seeing their husband and children. Although Athens had a stronger navy, the Athenians spent more time making their city beau tiful.In Athens, they used League money to rebuild their city. They spent a lot of time and money to ensure that they pleased the gods by creating statues, buildings and art. Athens focused on making music and poetry while Sparta did not. This is important because both city-states influenced some other states in Greece by providing examples of art and military techniques. Overall, Spartans focused in maintaining a powerful military force while Athenians focused on more artistic causes. The two Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta were similar in that they both had social societies that favored men.Both civilizations didnt believe women were equal to men as well. On the other hand, their cultures were very different. Sparta had a main goal of a strong military while Athens focused on art and music. Politically, Athens had a democracy and Sparta had an oligarchy. It is important for us to study the similarities and differences surrounded by the two city-states because it will enha nce our understanding of how Athens was eventually thwarted by Sparta. Clearly, Sparta and Athens had more differences than they did attributes in common. Bibliography Stearns book was used to tuck information

Miracles Essay

Examine key concepts of miracles and philosophical reasons to conceptualise in them. Miracle is an issuance that goes against usual of temper or appearing to collapse the law of science. Hume defined miracles as a violation of the laws of nature and hence rejected their occurrence as both improb adequate and im concrete. Many philosophers stand this view up to a certain limit, such as Wiles. further doubting Thomas rejects Humes commands due to the lack of feel of tribes testimonies to be true. Hume (1771-1776) was initially known as an intellectual for his literary works.He was an empiricist, which message that he reckond that gaining knowledge from the world from observation and experience is to a greater extent reliable. Humes first argument is the most important point in line reasons for believing in miracles. If you interpret the laws of nature to be strict and rigid, because it makes sense that if anything breaks these boundaries, then they should be classed as a miracle. Hume links the geological fault of a law of nature to the Deity, so a miracle has spiritual loadeding. For poser it stated in the Bible in the case of Jesus pinnacle Lazarus from the dead.But this was more of an eyewitness mistake, than an act that violated fixe laws of nature for Hume. Therefore a violation of the laws of nature was an improbable occurrence and is unbelievable. Wiles agrees with Humes point that it is more likely the eyewitness was wrong than a miracle occurred. This would make divinity fudge lordly as this would show clear favouritism by creating miracles while others were suffering. Wiles claims that miracles cede an obstacle to religious faith people argon macrocosm asked to believe in omnibenevolent and omnipotent beau ideal who fed 5000 people tho does nil about world starvation today.A God who intervenes selectively would non be worthy of worship because of his failure to act on a wider scale. except Aquinas disagrees with Hume. Aroun d five hundred years earlier, Thomas Aquinas (1225-1275 CE) married the two ways of knowing Theology (faith), philosophy (reason) and think that both come from God (contained Revelation). He had offered a similar description of a miracle to that of Hume, defining it as, those things which are d wiz by Divine antecedent apart from the target generally followed in things.However, he actually differed from the last mentioned Humes explanation as he said miracles were also Those events in which something is done by God which nature could never do. , Events in which God does something which nature can do, but not in that order. And When God does what is normally done by the working of nature, but without the operation of the principles of nature. he allowed for the opening move of miracles to occur within the system of subjective activity. Aquinas also allowed for the gap that Gods activity with the natural realm, may be part of the normal order of things.Similarly, Swinburn e also disagrees with Humes idea of what an improbable event is. Whilst for Hume this means an event which it would be foolish to suggest occurs at all, such as move on water, Swinburne indicates that miracles are more probabilistic such as cream out a red grain of sand, highly unlikely but not totally im mathematical. Therefore we are able to claim that it is possible to believe in miracles. Agreements on what constitutes a law of nature are that people do not come back to life some(prenominal) days after having died, gravity, orbit of the planets, amputees do not grow limbs.However an argument based on logic and reasoning is John Hicks. He defines natural laws as generalisations formulated respectively to cover whatever has, in incident happened. In other words natural laws must be widened as and when new discoveries are made. For example the first time when humans were able to walk on the moon (1960) and travel in space would been defined as a miracle in the past as it goes against the law of gravity. indeed it is possible to believe in miracles.Humes second reason for rejecting miracles is presented in his practical argument. He considered levels of education to be a significant factor as miracles were only reported to moderate occurred by those who were not educated full to understand the scientific explanation of an event. He also highlighted how the early narrative of countries is full of miracles and visions due to the ignorant and barbarous populations, such as the very(prenominal) long life of Adam. However as the country becomes more essential and the populations better educated such stories disappear.Therefore for Hume Adam living to 930 was simply a story made up by the uneducated, as living so long would suggest the laws of nature to be false. In conclusion Hume believes that miracles are violations of the laws of nature and that they are only experienced by uneducated people who do not understand science. Aquinas and Swinburne rejecte d this view, believing the laws of nature to be corrigible.Overall it is possible to believe in miracles as we cant argue that they dont exist and we can also reject miracles and say they do not exist as thiswould conclude that God is arbitrary and it would violate the laws of nature. To what extent do criticisms undermine belief in miracles? One issue that straight off comes to mind is how one begins to distinguish betwixt a miracle and a attendant? One could say that the distinction is that the former is always the work of God but then does this rule out the possibility of any coincidences being in some way Gods work as well? Not necessarily. However, in order for a miracle to be validated as such we are usually looking for that which is not of the ordinary.Thus it seems that in order for one to validate and observe miracles as supra-natural phenomena they may need to be considered along the lines of the Humean definition as a transgression of a law of nature. Hume believed tha t the occurrence of a miraculous event was always a violation of the laws of nature. However, his argument does not preclude the possibility of a miracle occurring and this allows for an interesting development in our intellect of miracles. There can be no satisfactory proof that a miracle has occurred.No deist would claim that God has performed a miracle and the testimony of any religious someone who claims a miracle has occurred is declared in satisfactory grounds for belief as they have an a priori interest in proving this to be the case. On the other business deal if an atheist were to claim that they had witnessed a miracle then, according to the Humean definition, this may be sufficient grounds to believe a miracle had occurred. People are assessing the same phenomena besides using the word miracle ro mean different things.The religious person uses it to mean a work of God which transgresses the laws of nature whilst the rationalist is using it to mean an ridiculous even t which can be explained by rational means. Disagreements between religious people and rationalists are not about whether a miracle has occurred, but between their use and understanding of the word miracle itself. In conclusion criticisms undermine belief in miracles to a minimum extent as we can not fully disprove the existence of miracles and therefore it is possible to believe in them.

Communication Issues in the Workplace

Running head THE wideness OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IN THE The Importance of Effective Communication in the Workplace Christina Springer University of Phoenix The Importance of Effective Communication in the Workplace Introduction Anyone in a head for the hills environment having an accord of what good effective Intercultural communication in the workplace entails will levy every persons mogul to understand a booming and professional work experience. People finish be exposed to misunderstandings in the workplace due to conflict of interests.These conflicts of interests prat be rooted from a variety of cultural differences among distinctive ethnic backgrounds opposite than our own, and international individuals who be in our ground solely for education or temporary work. overlook of proper understanding or skills of diversity in the workplace cease cause opusy discrepancies among coworkers. People live in an increasingly abstruse world. One element of this complexity is the mixing of diverse cultures, languages and faiths. Within the business organization world intercultural communication is vital for success.Effective communication between colleagues from different cultural backgrounds ensures a team is working harmoniously. (The Six Steps to Intercultural Communication, 1) side There was a Caucasian tall skinny man with render who worked as a Deejay in double-u Virginia while attending West Virginia University. He was part German with somewhat of an accent. He had previous experience with all genres of music. His plan was to finish school and return to Germ any to pursue his inhalation of organism an internationally known Deejay. He was invited to a national pelvic girdle hop celebration to perform as an artist and as a Deejay.The coordinator informed the African American Deejays that there would be a Caucasian Deejay coming to assist with them at the job. When he arrived to the celebration, there was a huge table of all African Americ an Deejays telescope up their equipment. He was told by the coordinator to set up as briefly as he arrived there. So he walked up to the table of Deejays and they started laughing at him. They make fun of him and ridiculed him thinking it was a laugh that he came to Deejay. They made fun of his appearance and did not meet him serious. He went to the coordinator and told the coordinator the spotlight.The coordinator came over to the table of Deejays and explained that he was one of the Deejays to be performing and to clear a space for his equipment as they would not do before. Without hesitation they apologized and cleared a space for the German Deejay to set up his equipment. Diagnosis Conflict is a clash of values that is a vernacular occurrence in the workplace. (Teo, 2006, December 13, 1) In this particular dapple the Deejays at the national celebration being all African American may have misjudged the German Deejay for his appearance and accent.They may have underestima ted his great power to Deejay effectively based off of his appearance of different culture and his accent. Because this was a hip hop celebration they seemed to have assumed that he was unequal to(p) of livening up the crowd. This common situation of conflict needs to be communicate more in any workplace. More often executives are expect to work internationally, hence business and social contacts between pot of unhomogeneous nationalities increased. As these people come from disparate cultural backgrounds, geographical barriers gave manner to communication barriers that lead to tensions and conflicts. Teo, 2) The important for leading of any organization justly to train its employees of cultural differences and how to handle situations that may arise is increasingly important. The coordinator may have not properly informed the German Deejay of what he would be exposed to during this particular job. As a result it was somewhat of a culture shock for the German Deejay. This was a culture shock for the German Deejay especially not knowing what to think or expect.If the coordinator would have notified the African American Deejays of the complete extent of the German/Caucasian mans nationality or description it would have made it easier for everyone involved at the job. The African American Deejays were use to working with former(a) African American Deejays experienced in hip hop only. The German Deejay felt like an outcast when the African American Deejays made fun of him and nonverbally displayed he was unwelcomed by not clearing a space for his equipment due to their poor lack of judgment. SolutionsAny person being of a different ethnicity in a completely different country can expect to experience a conflict of interest at any workplace unfortunately. A decision to be made upon the leaders of the organization to enhance its entire employees of the importance of diversity skills and how it can lead to success. If the coordinator would have informed the African American Deejays of the nationality, talent, skills, and capabilities of the German Deejay then perhaps the African American Deejays would have been more welcoming to the German Deejay.The German Deejay could have gone to the human resources department of the organization and he or she could offer help for this situation. Any coordinator of any national event should always inform its employees of any possibility of conflicts of interests or lack of understanding of misjudgments that may occur and how to handle a situation like that. In order to come to appreciate and understand people from different cultures, empathy is vital. Through putting yourself in someone elses shoes he or she will come to see or appreciate their localise of view. The Six Steps to Intercultural Communication, 5) Everyone makes or has assumptions about others. Assumptions are beliefs rather than aim truth and are usually influenced by a number of essential factors. (The Six Steps to Intercultural Communication, 3) Any employee of any workplace must take interest to understand the differences between cultural norms, beliefs, and values within individually culture and that they are all distinctive. People should always respect other cultures in order to create a civil and fair work environment. ConclusionDiversity skills are very important to have in any work environment. Without efficient knowledge or understanding of other cultures and the capabilities of appearance from one culture to the next, conflicts of interest may arise. If employees and leaders can work together to access and prevent any bad situation from happening it would be beneficial to the organization as well as the employees. Regardless of the ethnic background of a person, monitoring our own behavior can always be a way of building opportunities and the ability to enhance strengths of comprehending the importance of eing equipped with proper knowledge on the involution of diversity among workers anywhere . References Teo, A. (2006, December 13). Intercultural Conflict in the Workplace Every brass sections Nightmare. Ezine Articles. Retrieved from http//ezinearticles. com/? Intercultural-Conflict-in-the-Workplace-every-Organizations-Nightmare=385503 The Six Steps to Intercultural Communication. (). Kwintessential. Retrieved from http//www. kwintessential. co. uk/cultural-services/articles/intercultural-communication. html

My Pawnshop

Course Project basis to Business (GEB 1011) Think of a modest federation you would like to start. using this conjunction, include the following comp iodinnts in your finalized submittal and use them as Section Headings for change your submittal. Put the Section Headings in BOLD. Then your responses in normal 12 point size type and write in complete sentences. 1) propose an Introduction of your come with. Include your main product and/or service. In what nation and part of the world is your partnership located? Explain why your company is located there.With the economy struggling and more and more people loosing their jobs as a major source of income I believe that providing the service of small verificatory loans would be a great idea for a melody. In this economy the pawn industry is a vocation that is growing and fetching a powerful jump in the economy. I believe that first step and place where people can get short-term loans against a collateral would be a very succ essful business. I would strategically hook localizations in United States that really hire this service the most. For example, low-income regions in Orlando such as Pine Hills, would be a good place to blunt a location.Last and more important, Make sure to set up storehouse where the local population is interested in buying your goods Choosing a location with a population that has supply and demand for the specific products I am interchange. 2) Describe the ca-ca of business ownership you would choose for this company and justify why. Give at least three utilitys and three disadvantages of your chosen form of business ownership. The form of business ownership I would choose for my company would be Sole Proprietorship. A business owned and operated by a single individual &8212 and the most common form of business social structure in the U.S. The advantages with a sole proprietorship 1. Ease and cost of brass simply announcing you ar in business and requesting any licen ses and permits you may need use of profits &8212 since all profits from the business belong simply to you, the owner. 2. Flexibility and control you make all the decisions and direct the entire business operations very little government regulations secrecy and ease of ending the business. 3. Sale or transfer can take place at the discretion of the sole proprietor. There are disadvantages, however, including unlimited liability . each(prenominal) business debts are personal debts, meaning you could lose everything you own if the business fails or loses a major lawsuit. 2. Limited sources of financing based on your creditworthiness. 3. Limited skills the sole proprietor really must be a jack-of-all-trades, part manager, marketer, accountant, etc. and limited lifespan meaning that the business ends when the owner dies. 3) Describe how you would use Supply and Demand to determine the products/services your company would provide. Include how this affects the set of your companys pr oduct/service. When supplies of goods and services create plentiful, prices tend to drop. When supplies become scarcer, prices tend to rise. (Understanding Business, Nickels,McHugh and McHuhg P. 37. ) There are many factors that fill a role in using Supply and Demand for the items that my company would be working with. The age of the item, current condition, market value, and ability to re-sell, are all taken into consideration. The market value of precious metals changes daily so this will give more flexibility to play with the loaning, buying or pricing of it.Furthermore, I would hold to contemplate the supply and demand or desirability of your item. Perhaps a new product ahs made it obsolete or even decrease its value. For example, a video game placement that was worth $300. 00 two years ago may be practically worthless today. With new technology in the market and depreciation of electronics an noncurrent platform is not going to be in high demand. some other example would be the Blue-ray faker, since they have become increasingly popular and they have a high demand in the market the DVD player has depreciated in value.Therefore if a client brings a DVD player in the store the appraisal value would be set out hence the selling price. Taking these factor into consideration, the use of supply and demand would affect the pricing of my company and it would play a very big role because I am the one investing money on the collateral that the client is bringing to the store, hence my responsibility is to have the knowledge to take irreverent decisions and to properly train the people that would be working for me to be undetermined to make smart pricing by using tools such, internet, blue book, catalogs and their experience.One advantage that my company would have is that because I am targeting low income communities the $300. 00 game organization they could not afford would be selling for a much lower price at my store. The demand would be there still f or the remains but this time the used system would be price one third of the original price and there would be an option for that node to put it on layaway and pay for it slowly something that is becoming popular on big retail stores now days. As the Chief Executive incumbent of your company ) Describe your companys Strategic Plan. Include a SWOT, Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, analysis ((list at least three, (3) items per section)). 5) Describe how you would implement the Management Functions in your company. 6) Describe the process you would use to recruit, hire, and train your employees. 7) Describe how you would approach the selling mix for your company (Product, Price, Place, Promotions, the 4 Ps,). 8) Describe how you would develop and use the primary accounting statements in your company.

Health & Social Care Essay

Ai Identify four key pieces of Legislation and Codes of Practice relating to discussion information in social cargon setting.1). Data Protection make a motion 1998 Gives rights to individuals in respect of personal data held ab step to the fore them. It also seeks to shelter individuals with regard to the processing of personal data.2). granting immunity of Information Act 2000 The Freedom of Information Act gives you the right to ask whatsoever public vault of heaven organisation for all the recorded information they have on any subject. Anyone can make a request for information there are no restrictions on your age, nationality or where you live. If you ask for information about yourself, so your request will be handled under the Data Protection Act.3). Employees Policies & international ampere Procedures To make sure that all records that are kept in the situation are put away in a locked secure cabinet. And when you spell out out the daily report sheet in the Care d esign Book, make sure that the Care Plan Book is closed and non left open.4). Health and Social Care Act 2008 requires us to come out a code that sets out the practice we will follow in obtaining, handling, using and disclosing confidential personal information.Aii Explain how legal requirements and codes of practice imply the day to day work of a social care role player in relation to handling information.It is important to follow the codes of practice in everything you do in your day to day work. For example, I personally had a situation a while ago where my regular service exploiter was in hospital for a couple of months, and a friend of Mr Ts approached me and asked if I could give her the key safe and sound code so she could go into to his property and clean round and get him some shopping. I told her that I could not give her Mr Ts key safe code as it is my duty of care not to give out any information that was entrusted to me. And if I gave it to her then I would be fa lling out the codes of practice and my employees policies and procedures.

Elder Abuse Essay

old contumely is a horrible problem during peoples sunset years, they should relax and be comfortable, not have to worry about ill-usage from family members and interestgivers. However, the incommode of people abusing the vulnerable elderlyly is a growing one in the United States. What causes it? This essay explains a growing speculation that accounts for the causes of elder villainy. agree to Quinn and Tomita (1997), there are five main hypotheses for elder abuse (Quinn & axerophthol Tomita, 1997, pp. 86-87). The first is simple power some people only condense on dependency issues (Quinn & Tomita, 1997, pp. 86-87). Others are acting out overdue to the essay of acting as a caregiver this is particularly parking area indoors family caregiving settings (Quinn & Tomita, 1997, pp. 86-87). Another hypothesis states that elder abuse is simply caused because some individual(a)s have gr protest up in families that solve problems with hysteria (Quinn & Tomita, 1997 , pp. 86-87). Another hypothesis claims that some are link to individual abusers problems, much(prenominal) as substance abuse and opinion (Quinn & Tomita, 1997, pp. 86-87). Finally, the last hypothesis states that in some societies, elders have missed their personhood due to greed, lookism, and hatred of the disabled. Most other studies support at least(prenominal) one of these hypotheses. For example, Brandl and Raymond found that the most common cause of elder abuse was caregiver focusing, regardless of whether the caregiver was a family member or victor they too emphasize the role of the elderly person an abused sister whitethorn abuse their parent once the parent is frail, for example this connects to Quinn and Tomitas hypotheses of violent families and individual abusers problems (Brandl & Raymond, 2012). Nerenberg, too, claims that caregiver stress is the main cause of elder abuse (Nerenberg, 2002).She emphasizes the perspective of the caregiver, particularly t he first-time caregiver, as these individuals are more(prenominal) standardisedly to engage in elder abuse (Nerenberg, 2002). Meanwhile, Hawes focuses on professional caregivers abuse of the elderly in keen-sighted-term care facilities (Hawes, 2003). Hawes does not offer many causes, but hints at them by discussing the measly pay and high-stress nature of caregiving jobs (Hawes, 2003). Thomason ascribes the causes of elder abuse to a changing community in which people live longer and are ill-prepared for caretaking (Thomason, 2011). He emphasizes the friendly causes of elder abuse, focusing on the need to make everyone aware of the issues related to elder abuse and aging (Thomason, 2011). In contrast, and by focusing on the individual level, Vetere emphasizes caregiver burnout as a major cause of elder abuse (Vetere, 2011). Bronwell addresses the causes of elder abuse only implicitly, but presents data on the low pay and long hours in the caregiving industry and also discu sses the aspects of burnout and foiling that can cause family-based elder abuse to occur (Brownwell & Podnicks, 2005). In addition to discussing the elderly abusing themselves by failing to engage in self-care, they also offer data that some risk factors mean one is more likely to become an abuser a low level of education, noetic retardation (by the caregiver), substance abuse by either the elder or the caregiver, a prior history of violence or psychiatric issues, and stress (Gorbien & Eisenstein, 2005, p. 282). Gorbien and Eisenstein (2005) proposed five archetypes for abusers of the elderly, which are the overwhelmed, the impaired (e.g., mentally or physically), the narcissistic, the bullying, and the sadistic (Gorbien & Eisenstein, 2005, p. 284). In keeping with the overall causes mentioned by Quinn and Tomita, these archetypes offer reasons individuals may turn to abuse (Quinn & Tomita, 1997). Thus it can be say that a surmise for the causation of elder abuse is that within a place setting of a society that is pitiablely equipped to deal with the elderly, and within an individualist, looks-oriented society that discriminates against the disabled, many people are ashamed or forbid by their relatives (or clients, in the case of professional caregivers) decline. This feeling of helplessness and disgust, feature with stress and burnout exacerbated due to the poor preparation most family caregivers have, and the long hours and poor pay offered to many professional caregivers creates a context in which abuse is likely.Additional factors, like abuse from the elders themselves (e.g., bitter about losing capacity, holding long grudges against family members, aggression due to cognitive decline such as by Alzheimers) can spark an abusive incident. Moreover, if an individual has any of the characteristics noted by Gorbien and Eisenstein, they may be more likely to abuse. Working towards a theory of elder abuse, one can imagine a flow map (prov ided on the next page). First, the background of this abuse occurs against a context of a society fiercely focused on beauty and ableism. Second, if an individual ends up  pity for an elder and they are poorly prepared or compensated, this context intensifies. Third, if an individual is impaired in some way, he or she provide quickly become burned out and stressed. Fourth, pre-existing interpersonal factors like abuse are exemplified in elder caregiver situations. Fifth, some disposition types (narcissists who want others to admire them for their supposed selflessness sociopaths) want to care for elders for their own sick needs. Sixth, if a caregiver has a risk factor such as low IQ, low education, substance abuse, or mental wellness issues, he or she is more likely to be an abuser. Finally, caregivers suffer burnout, and eventually, when caring for an elder individual, they may engage in a violent incident. This theory is outlined in the flowchart below, which moves from left to right. Major causes are stand for by larger circles.Works CitedBrandl, B., & Raymond, J. A. (2012). senior insult and the elderberry bush Justice Movement in America. San Francisco, CA American Society on Aging. Brownwell, P., & Podnicks, E. (2005). Long-Overdue for the Critical Issue of Elder ill-usage and slight A Global Policy and Practice Perspective. Oxford Oxford University Press. Gorbien, M. J., & Eisenstein, A. R. (2005). Elder Abuse and Neglect An Overview. Philadelphia, PA Elsevier. Hawes, C. (2003). Elder Abuse in Residential Long-Term administer Settings What Is Known and What Information Is Needed? Washington, DC National Academies Press,. Nerenberg, L. (2002). Preventing Elder Abuse by Family Caregivers. Washington, D.C. National Council on Elder Abuse. Quinn, M. J., & Tomita, S. K. (1997). Elder Abuse and Neglect Causes, Diagnosis, and Intervention Strategies. New York Springer Publishing Company. Thomason, D. (2011). Addressing The Cause of Elde r Abuse A Critical Component to Aging Health Policy. Retrieved October 16, 2013, from Kaplan Unviersity Online http//www.kaplanuniversity.edu/public-service/articles/addressing-elder-abuse.aspx Vetere, P. M. (2011). Elder Abuse What Are We Missing? Ottawa The College of Family Physicians of Canada. Woolf, L. M. (1998). Elder Abuse and Neglect. St. Louis, MO Webster University.

Quality of Life in Nigeria

The barrier superior of life (QOL) refers to the general well-being of individuals and societies. The term is used in a wide range of contexts, including the fields of transnational development, wellnessc atomic number 18, and politics. Warren Buffett, probably the worlds most successful investor, has utter that anything skilful that happened to him could be traced back to the fact that he was born in the right country, the joined States, at the right time (1930). None of us has a say in where he is born, besides we hobo do something nearly it for our children.I therefore wish to discuss distri yetively factor associated with quality of life as related to Nigeria and plead for suggestions from solely of us on how to improve on them so as to make this country a good household for us to live * Material wellbeing as vizord by gross domestic product per head The gross domestic reaping (GDP) or gross domestic income (GDI) is one of the measures of national income and output. GDP can be defined in three ways, which should give identical results. First, it is tinct to the replete(p) expenditures for all last(a) goods and services produced in spite of appearance the country in a specified period of time (usually a 365-day year).Second, it is equal to the spirit of the value added at every stage of merchandise by all the industries, plus taxes and minus subsidies on products. Third, it is equal to the sum of the income generated by production like compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less(prenominal) subsidies, and gross in operation(p) surplus. The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a inclined countrys economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time.The unadulterated Domestic Product (GDP) in Nigeria was worth 243. 98 billion US dollars in 2011. The GDP value of Nigeria represents 0. 39 percent of the world economy. GDP in Nigeria is reported by the World Bank. Historically, from 1961 until 2011, Nigeria GDP averaged 50. 07 USD peterion hit an all time utmost of 243. 98 USD Billion in celestial latitude of 2011 and a record low of 4. 40 USD Billion in declination of 1961. This is low as comp ard to 14. 99 USD Trillion of United States in 2011. * musical accompaniment expectancy at deportLife expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if customary patterns of deathrate at the time of its birth were to stay the resembling(p) throughout its life. In some other(a) words, it contains the average number of years to be lived by a conference of people born in the same year, if deathrate at each age remains constant in the future. The admission includes total commonwealth as well as the male and egg-producing(prenominal) components. Life expectancy at birth is excessively a measure of everyplaceall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages.It can likewise be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in hu art object beings large(p) and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures. It is estimated to be 52. 05 years for total population, 48. 95 years for male and 55. 53 years for female (2012 estimates) in Nigeria. This is low as comp bed to 78 years in Qatar for instance. * The quality of family life, ground primarily on divorce rates Family quality of life refers to the expiration to which families needs are met, family members enjoy their life together, and family members leave a discover to do the things that are important to them.The five domains of family quality of life are emotional well-being, parenting, family interaction, animal(prenominal)/material well-being, and disability-related support. * The state of semi semi governmental freedom semi semi governmental freedom is described as a relationship free of oppressiveness or coercion the absence of disabling conditions for an individual and the fulfillment of enable conditions or the absence of lived conditions of compulsion, e. g. economic compulsion, in a society. It can also refer to the positive exercise of rights, capacities and possibilities for action, and the exercise of social or group rights.The concept can also include freedom from internal constraints on political action or speech (e. g. social con digitity, consistency, or inauthentic behaviour. ). The concept of political freedom is closely connected with the concepts of civil liberties and human rights, which in elective societies are usually afforded legal protection from the state. * line of products credential (measured by the unemployment rate) Job protection is the probability that an individual volition keep his or her transaction a blood line with a high gear level of hire out hostage is much(prenominal) that a person with the line of mercha ndise would have a small chance of becoming unemployed.Job certificate is subordinate on economy, prevailing business conditions, and the individuals private skills. It has been found that people have more job security in times of economic intricacy and less in times of a recession. Also, some laws (such as the U. S. cultivated Rights Act of 1964) bolster job security by making it banned to fire employees for certain reasons. Unemployment rate is a good indicator of job security and the state of the economy and is tracked by economists, politics officials, and banks.Typically, government jobs and jobs in education, health bursting charge and law enforcement are considered very secure opus private sector jobs are generally believed to offer lower job security and it usually varies by industry, location, occupation and other factors. Personal factors such as education, work experience, job functional area, work industry, work location, etc. , play an important division in d etermining the need for an individuals services, and impacts their personal job security.Since job security depends on having the necessary skills and experience that are in demand by employers, which in turn depend on the prevailing economic condition and business surroundings, individuals whose services are in demand by employers get out tend to enjoy higher job security. To some extent, job security also varies by employment laws of each country. A worker in Continental Europe, if asked about his job security, would solution by naming the type of statutory employment contract he has, ranging from temporary (no job security) to indefinite (virtually equivalent to tenure n US universities but across the whole economy). However, peoples job security eventually depends on whether they are employable or non, and if businesses have a need for their skills or not, so although employment laws can offer some relief and hedge from unemployment risk, they except have a marginal contrib ution to job security of individuals. point is, individuals need to have the right skill right to have good job security. * temper (measured by two variants the average deviation of stripped and maximum monthly temperatures from 14 degrees Celsius and the number of months in the year with less than 30mm rainfall)Climate reposition poses a wide range of risks to population health risks that will increase in future decades, often to critical levels, if globose climate change continues on its current trajectory. The three main categories of health risks include (i) direct-acting effects (e. g. due to heat waves, amplified air pollution, and physical stick out disasters), (ii) impacts mediated via climate-related changes in ecological systems and relationships (e. g. rop yields, mosquito ecology, marine productivity), and (iii) the more diffuse ( confirmatory) consequences relating to impoverishment, displacement, imagery conflicts (e. g. water), and post-disaster mental hea lth problems. Climate change thus threatens to slow, halt or reverse international progress towards reducing child under-nutrition, deaths from diarrheal illnesss and the scattering of other morbific diseases. Climate change acts predominantly by modify the existing, often enormous, health problems, especially in the scummyer parts of the world.Current variations in live on conditions already have many adverse impacts on the health of poor people in evolution nations, and these too are likely to be multiplied by the added stresses of climate change. A changing climate thus affects the prerequisites of population health clean air and water, sufficient food, natural constraints on infectious disease genes, and the adequacy and security of shelter. A warmer and more variable climate leads to higher levels of some air pollutants and more frequent extreme weather events.It increases the rates and ranges of transmission of infectious diseases through unclean water and contaminat ed food, and by affecting vector organisms (such as mosquitoes) and intermediate or reservoir host species that harbour the infectious agent (such as cattle, whacky and rodents). Changes in temperature, rainfall and seasonality compromise agricultural production in many regions, including some of the least developed countries, thus jeopardising child health and emergence and the overall health and functional capacity of adults.As warming proceeds, the severity (and possibly frequency) of weather-related disasters will increase and appears to have done so in a number of regions of the world over the past several decades. Therefore, in summary, international warming, together with resultant changes in food and water supplies, can indirectly cause increases in a range of adverse health outcomes, including malnutrition, diarrhea, injuries, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and water-borne and insect-transmitted diseases.wellness equity and climate change have a study impact on human health and quality of life, and are interlinked in a number of ways. The report of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health points out that disadvantaged communities are likely to shoulder a disproportional trade of the burden of climate change because of their increased exposure and photo to health threats. Over 90 percent of malaria and diarrhea deaths are borne by children aged 5 years or younger, mostly in developing countries.Other severely affected population groups include women, the elderly and people living in small is worldly concern developing states and other coastal regions, mega-cities or rough areas. Climate change can lead to dramatic increases in prevalence of a pastiche of infectious diseases. Beginning in the mid-70s, there has been an emergence, revivification and redistribution of infectious diseases. Reasons for this are likely multicausal, dependent on a variety of social, environmental and climatic factors, however, many argue that the volatility of infectious disease may be one of the earliest biological expressions of climate nstability. though many infectious diseases are affected by changes in climate, vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever and leishmaniasis, present the strongest causal relationship. Malaria in particular, which kills virtually 300,000 children annually, poses the most imminent threat. Often it is argued that Africa need not care about climate change because in global dimensions Africa itself produces negligible greenhouse gases. Climate change is primarily caused by the developed countries, so they should be the ones transaction with it.However, it is the bitter irony of destiny that Africa contributes least of all the continents to the climate change, but will probably suffer most from its consequences. According to economists it is a emblematic case of negative external effects, an externalisation of costs A noninvolved company bears the costs of a third partys actions. As Africa is undefendable to a number of resource-consuming stressors (ranging from HIV to depravation to permanent crises and conflicts), comparatively hardly a(prenominal) resources remain to react proactively on the climate change.Seeing the climate change as an external shock to the continent caused by the externalisation of costs of a third party, payments and assistance can be considered to be a commonsense way to compensate Africa for the negative climate effects. Currently, there is no state to suggest that the rapid onset of climate change is subsiding. Even if we miraculously managed to stop all greenhouse gas emissions, we would still be confront with the potentially irreversible changes we have already brought.Thus, it is essential that we adapt to these changing conditions. Our response will be both reactive and anticipatory and will need to take place at many levels (legislative, engineering and personal-behaviour). In response to malaria we will need to, for exam ple, improve the quality and nettleibility of health services, identify and target response towards vulnerable populations, improve our modelling and watch capacity, and implement broad-based public education campaigns. Personal physical security ratings (based primarily on recorded homicide rates and ratings for risk from crime and terrorism) Physical security is primarily concerned with restricting physical access by unlicenced people (commonly interpreted as intruders) to controlled facilities, although there are other considerations and daubs in which physical security measures are valuable (for example, limiting access within a facility and/or to specific assets, and environmental controls to reduce physical incidents such as fires and floods).Security inevitably incurs costs and, in reality, it can neer be perfect or complete in other words, security can reduce but cannot entirely eliminate risks. Given that controls are imperfect, strong physical security applies the pr inciple of defense in profoundness using appropriate combinations of overlapping and complementary controls. Physical security is not uniquely human. The practice of actively defending a territory against intruders or opponents is very common in the animal kingdom. Physical security is also not a modern phenomenon. The technology is continually evolving along with the threats.Physical security controls that were considered adequate in the past tend to be insecure instantly due to advances in the knowledge and capabilities of attackers. The goal of physical security is to exchange potential attackers that the likely costs of attack exceeds the value of making the attack, e. g. that consequences of a failed attack may well exceed the gain. The combination of layered security features establishes the presence of territoriality. The initial layer of security for a campus, building, office, or other physical space uses crime prevention through environmental introduction to deter thre ats.Some of the most common examples are also the most staple fiber warning signs or window stickers, fences, vehicle barriers, vehicle height-restrictors, restricted access points, security lighting and trenches. However, even passive things like hedgerows may be sufficient in some circumstances. * Quality of federation life (based on membership in social organisations) The familiarity life of a set of people is based on their culture. Community life is almost the same with culture of the people and this entails activities within the regulation and scope of culture which religion also takes cognizance of.The number and kinds of people in a club have a great influence on type of community/social living, and this is where the traditions of such people have a great role to play. Traditions are the customs, practices, bits of legend and folklore and legends go a long way in establishing the community life, that tangible quality which makes it different in spirit from other communi ties in the same circumstances. Similarly, people in a community share legends and bits of folklore and this common heritage from the past gives people a sense of community solidarity. Governance (measured by ratings for corruption) There are various reasons why the situation has come to this dangerous abyss but when compared to other societies, it is obvious that Nigeria wishing a home grown ruling class that in summing up to everything else should set the direction of the nation by detailing set objectives and the stairs and aims necessary to achieve desired goals. What obtains today is the governance of Nigeria by a political structure whose main objective is to take and plunder the land without giving back anything to the country.According to the oxford English dictionary governance mean to get over, be in power over, exercise control over and score sway over. In other words governance is a form of dictatorship. As it applies to Nigeria, governance is a peculiar form of dict atorship in brief exercising a domineering paralytic control and power over the Nigerian people. A a couple of(prenominal) group of people and their families have firm to hold power over everyone else in Nigeria since the British dictatorship pass over power to them in 1960.These few individuals also inherited the same principle of divide and rule as well as the indirect rule system which foster tribalism, ethnicism, disunity and other by products including lack of peace, injustice, unfairness, bribery, corruption 419inism to just name a few of sowed and grown social environment that exist in Nigeria today. Todays political structure takes radical right from the post colonial days and in the South Nigeria for example the NCNC and Action Group recognized and recruited sworn loyalists who were distributed to each ethnic kinsperson/zones who in turn recruited from villages and wards.When these parties are in the seat of government political looting is transmitted downwards and du ring resource these recruits manage the result of the election to favour the looting political structure. In the North until recently when few changes has begun to occur in the middle belt the Emirs and village heads continued from where they stop with the British. Nothing in that inherited structure has changed. The various military interludes in government did not affect the structure but merely substituted traditionalistic rulers in place of the party loyalists.However where the previous immediate post colonial governors did manage to provide some public amenities these present political structure have only one objective and that is filling their pockets with the cuticle distributed foreign exchange and to set up family dynasties of their own. In addition to this political structure is the state machinery, a fearsome, lethal and ruthless organ that has a mind of its own that is almost alien to this world. They provide the muscle for the political structure. Then there are the a ctivities of CIA and FBI.It is no secret that every man who has strategic position in the government of Nigeria both in the executive and political arm has a CIA or Scotland Yard or Mossad agent as confidante and as a friend. Recent figures quoted by the Swedish schooling on countries show that there are 65 international agencies operational in Nigeria that have no economic or social relevance and that these figures do not include the security agencies or the activities of Israel, Arabs and the Palestinians that parasite on Nigeria.The bottom line is that the brain box and factors that programme the existing political and administrative structure of Nigeria are in foreign hands. There is imperative need for a ruling class that will effect change to halt the present state of affairs and to make Nigeria a place to benefit her people now and generation to come. * Gender equality (measured by the share of seats in parliament held by women) Gender equality implies that men and women should receive equal treatment unless there is a heavy biological reason for different treatment.The concept based on the United Nations Declaration of benevolent Rights, and the ultimate aim is to provide equality in law and equality in social situations, especially in democratic activities and securing equal pay for equal work and for example Equal Rights Amendment in United States. Significant sexual activity gaps in education, economic empowerment and political participation remain in Nigeria. While progress towards parity in primary school education has been made, there remains a world-shaking wage and labour force participation gender gap.Discriminatory laws and practices, violence against women and gender stereotypes hinder greater progress towards gender equality. Nigeria has a particularly high maternal mortality rate and women access to quality health care is limited, particularly in rural areas Nigeria has a National Gender insurance which focuses on women empowermen t while also making a committedness to eliminate antiblack practices which are harmful to women.The 1999 Constitution of Nigeria prohibits discrimination on the grounds of gender, but customary and religious laws continue to restrict womens rights. As Nigeria is a federal republic, each state has the authority to rough drawing its own legislation. However, any law which is contradictory to Federal Law or the Constitution can be challenged in a Federal apostrophize and cannot subsist. The combination of federation and a tripartite system of civil, customary and religious law makes it very difficult to harmonise legislation and remove discriminatory measures.Moreover, certain states in the north follow Moslem (Sharia) law, although not alone and only in instances where Muslims make use of Islamic courts. Adherence to Islamic law reinforces customs that are unfavourable to women, including those relating to freedom of movement, and to marriage and inheritance. As of 2006, the Abo lition of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women in Nigeria and other Related Matters Bill was under consideration it is unclear whether this has been promulgated into law.Nigeria ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women in 1985, and the Optional Protocol in 2004. The country ratified the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa in 2005. Nigerias Human Development might score for 2011 is 0. 459, placing it in 156th place (out of a total of 187 countries). Nigeria is ranked hundred-and-twentieth in the 2011 Global Gender Gap Index (out of 135 countries), with a score of 0. 6011.

Human Interaction from a Psychology Perspective

Human inter bodily function from a Psychology Perspective Do we act the same inwardly kind interactions as we do when we feel that no one else is facial expression? Do we conform to familiaritys standards of what is considered normal demeanor? Does our expression in friendly interactions depend on a variety of factors ranging from humor chemistry, respective(prenominal) beliefs, cultural influence? We atomic number 18 all influenced by a variety of factors in our tender interactions with another(prenominal)s. Does the interaction offer us roughly type of recognition or individualized reward?What groundwork we choose out of the social gathering that we beneficial to us in the unyielding run? Do we act what is considered normal in our social interactions with others or adopt maladaptive behavioral patterns that lead to chronic disturbances in social and occupational functioning. according to Kowalski, induces a higher rate of amity among its members. In this type of culture lacking autonomy, obedience is taught by grow to barbarian as a means of future survival (Kowalski &038 Western, 2009) andA that the childas office staff in society has been pre unyielding.In communism uniformity is not a choice, rather a governmental mandate to delay indoors the norms of the communist society in place. Democratic Societies Whereas communism attempts to work a exclusive social norm from some cultures, democracies promote social norms based on many another(prenominal) cultures. Within democratic societies exist many cultures based on ethnic, religious, economic, and social affiliations. A childas future is not encoded from birth, rather gibed by his or her choice of social affiliations.Although many factors contri neverthelesse to a person conforming to social norms, many asocial behaviors can father as well. According to Steinberg The increased importance of peers leads adolescents to trust to alter their behavior in order to (sic) fit in becau se they like more around what their friends think of them, they are more belike to go a huge with the promote to avoid being rejected (Steinberg &038 Monahan, 2007, para. 5). peer pressure is more likely to alter behaviors of those under the age of 14 as he or she tries to fit into a present root word culture.Social interaction at this point dictates whether the learned behaviors are socially acceptable or not. in the midst of the ages of 14-18 the several(prenominal)s begin to resist peer pressures as they begin to develop aflame autonomy (Steinberg &038 Monahan, 2007). Intervention. Whether in a communistic or democratic society, it is somebody behaviors that are judged by society to be either normal or antisocial. In either society, if a mental is in dissension of other individuals established beliefs or standards the action is considered to be disrupting or abnormal and is rejected. umpteen times individuals perform deviant acts which are not necessarily destructive to society as a whole but are potentially threatening to their own existence. This brings in the question of what type of assistance the individual requires in order to miscellanea their behaviors. Psychoanalytical therapy may be right-hand in order to determine the underlying causes for the deviant behavior. Disorders such as obsessive-compulsive behaviors may not affect an individualas social interactions however, these behaviors could potentially have a ostracise effect on individual abilities to make employment.A Individual interactions within a culture should be performed in an effort to unify personal positions within that society and to strengthen relationships within the community. Societies which enforce responsibility from their leaders are motivated to include a much greater take of development while those which are commanded by power have the end to lose. Individuals who try to control others, either in the place of work or on a personal level, much exhibit these behaviors delinquent to a lack of self-confidence which has been infused in them due to diverse reasons.While at times it is necessary to take dash of specific situations, those who are instigative in their approach would benefit from psychological therapy in order interposition and Prognosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. There are various types of therapy and medications that has proven to be self-made in treating PTSD. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is intimately effective in treating PTSD. drawn-out Exposure (PE) therapy, Cognitive Processing therapy, reprocessing and spirit movement desensitization therapy are also other means of therapy that is thriving in treating PTSD.Types of drugs known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which is typically used for depression has been sure-fire in treating PTSD. The prognosis for PTSD depends on severity and length of how long a person has suffered with the mental illness. A majority of those who seek manipula tion do respond to psychotherapy but residual symptoms may inhabit and go into remission for different lengths of time. It is all-important(a) to seek treatment for PTSD as symptoms may become so debilitating that it will interfere with a persons business leader to lead a encompassing and productive life References or Cited Sources vane MD. (2009). Types of Mental Illness Retrieved from http//www. webmd. com/mental-health/mental-health-types-illness Retrieved on August 8, 2011. Department of Veteran Affairs. reason PTSD Treatment Retrieved from http//www. ptsd. va. gov/ exoteric/pages/gen-treatment. asp Retrieved on August 8, 2011. eMedicine Health. (Medical germ Maria Pease, MD. Medical editor in chief Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD Bradley, R. , J. Greene, et al. A Multi dimensional Meta-analysis of Psychotherapy for PTSD. AMJ Psychiatry 162. 2 (2005) 214-227. Retrieved from http//www. emedicinehealth. om/post-traumatic_stress_disorder_ptsd/article_em. htm Retrieved on Augus t 8, 2011. Human Interaction from a Psychology Perspective Do we act the same within social interactions as we do when we feel that no one else is looking? Do we conform to societys standards of what is considered normal behavior? Does our behavior in social interactions depend on a variety of factors ranging from brain chemistry, individual beliefs, cultural influence? We are all influenced by a variety of factors in our social interactions with others. Does the interaction offer us some type of recognition or personal reward?What can we get out of the social gathering that we beneficial to us in the long run? Do we act what is considered normal in our social interactions with others or adopt maladaptive behavioral patterns that lead to chronic disturbances in interpersonal and occupational functioning. according to Kowalski, induces a higher rate of conformity among its members. In this type of culture lacking autonomy, obedience is taught by parent to child as a means of future s urvival (Kowalski & deoxyadenosine monophosphate Western, 2009) andA that the childas role in society has been predetermined.In communism conformity is not a choice, rather a governmental mandate to remain within the norms of the communistic society in place. Democratic Societies Whereas communism attempts to create a single social norm from many cultures, democracies promote social norms based on many cultures. Within democratic societies exist many cultures based on ethnic, religious, economic, and social affiliations. A childas future is not encoded from birth, rather determined by his or her choice of social affiliations. Although many factors contribute to a person conforming to social norms, many antisocial behaviors can develop as well.According to Steinberg The increased importance of peers leads adolescents to want to alter their behavior in order to (sic) fit in because they care more about what their friends think of them, they are more likely to go along with the crowd t o avoid being rejected (Steinberg & Monahan, 2007, para. 5). Peer pressure is more likely to alter behaviors of those under the age of 14 as he or she tries to fit into a present group culture. Social interaction at this point dictates whether the learned behaviors are socially acceptable or not.Between the ages of 14-18 the individuals begin to resist peer pressures as they begin to develop emotional autonomy (Steinberg & Monahan, 2007). Intervention. Whether in a communistic or democratic society, it is individual behaviors that are judged by society to be either normal or antisocial. In either society, if a mental is in dissension of other individuals established beliefs or standards the action is considered to be disrupting or deviant and is rejected. Many times individuals perform deviant acts which are not necessarily harmful to society as a whole but are potentially threatening to their own existence.This brings in the question of what type of assistance the individual requires in order to change their behaviors. Psychoanalytical therapy may be helpful in order to determine the underlying causes for the deviant behavior. Disorders such as obsessive-compulsive behaviors may not affect an individualas social interactions however, these behaviors could potentially have a negative effect on individual abilities to find employment. A Individual interactions within a culture should be performed in an effort to unify personal positions within that society and to strengthen relationships within the community.Societies which enforce responsibility from their leaders are motivated to include a much greater level of development while those which are commanded by power have the tendency to lose. Individuals who try to control others, either in the place of work or on a personal level, frequently exhibit these behaviors due to a lack of self-confidence which has been infused in them due to various reasons. While at times it is necessary to take charge of spec ific situations, those who are provocative in their approach would benefit from psychological therapy in order Treatment and Prognosis of PTSD. There are various types of therapy and medications that has proven to be successful in treating PTSD. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is most effective in treating PTSD. Prolonged Exposure (PE) therapy, Cognitive Processing therapy, reprocessing and Eye movement desensitization therapy are also other means of therapy that is successful in treating PTSD. Types of drugs known as Selective Serotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which is typically used for depression has been successful in treating PTSD.The prognosis for PTSD depends on severity and length of how long a person has suffered with the mental illness. A majority of those who seek treatment do respond to psychotherapy but residual symptoms may remain and go into remission for different lengths of time. It is important to seek treatment for PTSD as symptoms may become so debilitating that it will interfere with a persons ability to lead a full and productive life References or Cited Sources Web MD. (2009). Types of Mental Illness Retrieved from http//www. webmd. om/mental-health/mental-health-types-illness Retrieved on August 8, 2011. Department of Veteran Affairs. Understanding PTSD Treatment Retrieved from http//www. ptsd. va. gov/public/pages/gen-treatment. asp Retrieved on August 8, 2011. eMedicine Health. (Medical Author Maria Pease, MD. Medical Editor Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD Bradley, R. , J. Greene, et al. A Multi Dimensional Meta-analysis of Psychotherapy for PTSD. AMJ Psychiatry 162. 2 (2005) 214-227. Retrieved from http//www. emedicinehealth. com/post-traumatic_stress_disorder_ptsd/article_em. htm Retrieved on August 8, 2011.

Love and Hate

grapple and Hate BY zulatkac Love and hatred ar cardinal powerful and intense emotions that define humankind. Both emotions are in openly outlined as opposites plainly are almost compatible in equipment casualty of how they puzzle matchless tang. Love and dislike are also dependent emotions, you feel wholeness because of the other. They are like two halves of a whole, one cannot exist without the other. Hate is the absence of adore. We sack out to hate but hate to love. Love and hate are not as complicated as people make them out to be but they sacrifice divers(prenominal) levels. You love your family because they have sheltered, raised, and provided for you.You love your friends because they offer social insures, comfort, and laughter. You then have a sports fan which is the complicated part but everyone experiences having a lover different. You hate somebody because they have physic eithery, emotionally, and mentally terms you. You can hate someone you do not even know because you see what they are like and you do not like what they do, how they act, or what they say. Love is lacking the best for people. Love is to show affection from the heart. To love is to give someone something special and not expect anything in return. Love can make you produce a life.Love is what you feel when you find your one and only. Realistically love is a frightening emotion. Many people are not satisfactory to Just r from each one out and grab it. Love makes you feel uncomfortable. Love rocks our thoughts and confuses our emotions. Everyone loves the idea of love or being in love. In movies love means living a happily ever after with the someone you choose to spend forever with. Love plays games with your mind and makes you do angry things that you did not think you were capable of. Love is an emotion you learn to feel and you must work hard to find love within you but work harder to keep it.Hate is wanting the worst for people. Hate is to show hate or cold heartedness. To hate is to not give anything at all but expect everything in return. Hate can make you prepare a life away. Hate is what you feel when someone takes away your one and only. Hate is an angry and hurtful emotion. It is a evil poison that overpowers the man but is a motivation to keep going. With so many beggarly people and acts in this world, hate is so familiar. We learn about wars and genocides and net it happened because of self interest, our history is because of hate. Hate is for the selfish, weak, and close minded people who foreshorten love.Everyone is so used to being hurt or revenging because of being hurt that hate has become a part of who you are. It gives you this illusion that you are in control of your emotions because you think you understand it. Love and hate define each other. Without hate there is no love, and without love there is no hate. At one point in your life or another you experience both of these emotions. Everyone experiences these emot ions differently but it is true that both emotions change your bearing and make you act irrational. Lovers spread love, haters spread hate. Love is right and hate is wrong.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Motor Car

In todays solid ground of hurrying the auto becomes to be the most normal way of go from integrity place to an separate. However, some people consider that using cars is ruinous for the humanity. On the one hand, using such mean of beguile is truly comfortable and contribute to save peoples time and energy. Moreover, workers ar able to stir some important things with the help of the car. Personally I think that it is futile to survive without transport system. Anyway, loads of people so-and-sonot imagine how to get post after a tiring working day without a car.On the other hand, using the car as the most popular mean of transport has a forget me drug of disadvantages. Firstly, cars pollute surrounding atmosphere which is very calumniatory for humans health. Secondly, there is an enormous quantity of car crashes which causes death of the majority of participants. In the conclusion i should say that people are faced with a difficult choise between using cars or being in the freehanded colony of those people, who are one hundred per cent convinced that the serviceman would be much better off without cars.To sum up, everyone should make his protest decision. So many men, so many mind. The car has been the most popular method of transport for many years. Driving a car one can avoid crowds,one can feel free in his car,one can listen to music. In winter we dont get cold thanks to thawing and in summer thanks to air conditioning we dont feel hot. inverse to national transport we dont have to worry about a mickle being late. we can get into our car at the time we occupy ourself and go anywhere we want. Using a car is comfortable,convenient and easier than using public transport.If we have a car we can travel whenever we want to,we are free,not confined by departure or arrival time of a train or a bus. Obviously,driving a car has excessively some disadvantages,such as buying and running a car necessitate a lot of money, even more for a good ton e one that is not to a fault old. There are a lot of things to pay for the car itself, fuel, parts , maintenance, repairs, insurance to cover the cost of crashes or theft, parking charges and toll roads and any tax or licensing fees charged by government.If two cars crash they can hurt the people wrong or around them. When too many cars try to go the same(p) way, traffic congestion slows them all. They can cause air pollution if too many are used in a small electron orbit like a city, and the combined pollution of the worlds cars is thought to be part to blame for climate change. To sum up, cars have many advantages and disadvantges. However, we should use a car in the goodway. Also we should not use a car always try to use another kinds of transport to make flow for the air pollution.

Leadership in Virgin Group Company History

Virgin Group is a diversify chemical group of more than 200 privately held companies. The largest of these are Virgin Atlantic Airways, the exit two air crease in the United Kingdom Virgin Holidays, a vacation tour floozie Virgin Rail, the second largest U. K. train operator the Virgin Retail Group, which operates numerous Virgin Megastores, a retail purpose featuring videos, harmony CDs, and computer games and Virgin Direct, which offers financial services.Other Virgin clientelees implicate beverage maker Virgin Cola, a record label, book and music publishing operations, hotels, an Internet service provider, movie theaters, a radio station, cosmetics and acceptation retailing concepts, and a line of clothing. Holding this disparate group of companies unitedly is the combination of Richard Branson and the Virgin brand name. British entrepreneur Branson dropped out of boarding school at the age of 17, in 1967, to start his own magazine. That imperil was an immediate success , establishing the foundation for what would become a multibillion-dollar conglomerate during the nineties.Along the way, Branson would avail cult status in his home countrythe result of his business exploits quests for adventure, and unique personal bolt. The Virgin brand had meantime become, according to the company, whizz of the top 50 brands in the world by the late 1990s a poll of British consumers at that time showed that 96 portion had heard of Virgin. Key Questions Q1. Given the freewheeling style of Branson and his managers, do you animadvert that the new enterprises can be classified as a TQ memorial tablet? Why or why not? Yes I believe that new enterprises can be classified as a TQ validation because virgin is very successful group, their products are of in high spirits quality they focus on improving the quality all the time as improvement is the unbroken process. Virgin has expanded their business a lot. Virgin has a salient team of charge they are very p assionate and devoting to their work. Branson s moves reflected the wide growth and complexity of Virgin Group. Branson always focus on affectionateness wad he do not have hard and quick rules but still he possess a large take of brands under one group Virgin.Q2. How well do you think that Branson and his managers make out the strategical planning process? What are some indicators that they do or not do strategic planning? Branson and his managers are performing strategic planning very well. they are fulfilling their objectives as their objectives were y y y y y y y Expansion internationally To slip away the entertainment industry Increase the pro plump and for the sake of good nature Quality improvement Competitive edge Utilization of new technology Loyalty among customersVirgin group have used diversification as their business is expanding very quickly and they are entering into new diversified markets. Some indications are y Virgin Atlantic air line is the good indicato r as Branson was having a competitive edge because they were offer a luxury package and at low price time the competitors were charging high price with poor quality. Management was focusing on forward-looking plans so that they can meet customer expectations and satisfaction. y Q. 3How well do you think that Branson and his managers perform managerial and lead tasks?How might these tasks be cleanse balance? Richard Branson is very famous for his innovative, competitive and risky style of leadership. He adds value to his products in order to diversify his business. His leadership style is magnetized he creates the very friendly environment over work coif and avoids strictness. Everybody was the part of organization and any one can participate in order to bring innovativeness rather just to follow orders. Top management encourages and motivates employees to obtain the outgo of their abilities and the best reward for the company.As the company benefit in other words is individu al benefit. Benifits are meant for all members of organization so that everyone is motivated to do their jobs and tasks then be better balanced. The persuasion behind this is to promote the philosophy that the overall benefit of the company go away lead to individual benefits for each person involved. Group contribution will eventually lead to rewards for executives, managers, employees, shareholders, and customers alike. Q4. What leadership theory do you think best fits the senior leadership of the virgin company?What theory best fit the Branson as leader? Why might there be a difference? Richard Branson is the born leader he is charismatic leadership style because he can influence any one very easily. Transformational leadership comes from the top managers and executives within the company. Leading is perhaps the most interesting and all important(p) function of management to the Virgin Group. The leadership dynamics start with chair Richard Branson. He is a very vocal and fla mboyant leader.His mission is to invigorate those who work below him to work to the best of their abilities for the good of the company. He much pushes his belief that by contributing to the good of the company it will increment the rewards for everybody involved. He has stated that he tries to bring the best out of people and does this for workers at the lowest levels as well as the top be executives. This philosophy is encouraged to all managers within the company. Management is expected to compass this principle and pass it on to the employees that they are managing.Another aspect of Branson s leadership style is that he tends to lead people a high level of freedom in their work . It is his goal to first give them direction in their work, and then let them take control of the short letter there after. Freedom in their work allows them to excel without the need for micromanagement. Richard Branson s leadership style and vision for the company has made him the center of cir cumspection within many business and management discussions throughout the world.

Investigation for Magnesium Oxide

Hypothesis The idea I concern in to mental strain in this try knocked bulge(p) is the kinship betwixt the plenitude of magnesium and sess of group O once the magnesium has been cacoethes up and replyed with the oxygen. There testament be 3 varyings in this try. The independent vari commensurate go forth be the aggregated of magnesium ribbon as contrary meters will be taken and utilize for to individu eachy wiz trial.The aqui store variable will be the potty of magnesium Oxide, this is a measured variable as the multitude of oxygen stinker be calculated and will enable us to determine the exerciseula for atomic calculate 12 Oxide. The controlled variable is that the milligram utilize is whitethornhap from the homogeneous ribbon and after be cut into lengths was stored in the same bearing in plastic take aimers. Preliminary I origin bothy did a preliminary test with Iron wool where we used a similar method and Testthe crusade wool was held over the flack by tongs and not contained in spite of appearance a melting pot.We learnt from this examine the importance of the crucible to contain every(prenominal) of the metal for an absolute test because the iron wool broke transfer as it heated and we were left with a lot of the iron wool on the bench mats around the bunsen burner burner so our calculation of the passel of iron oxide was not exact as we had not contained completely the wool and couldnt accurately apprehend the pieces around that had come a expressive style, at that placefore no giving a true mass of Iron Oxide. Prediction I herald that when the magnesium and the oxygen combine and react in concert the magnesium will oxidise and become heavier.I conceptualize to conform to a straight gunstock prescript from these imparts as I believe the to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) magnesium at that place is the to a greater extent atomic number 8 it will take on to form the at omic number 12 Oxide and so believe the solvings should gradually get heavier and heavier as the magnesium gets heavier and heavier. The equality for this investigation would be Mg + O2 ?MgO which would equilibrise as 2Mg + O2 ? 2MgO. This is dvirtuoso as the atomic number 8 has two molecules which would want two milligram molecules to balance it out. The physical changes I inquire to take place be heat and light as I expect the milligram to change colour as it is heated up and reacts with the group O.The Chemical changes I expect to take place are that a spick-and-span substance will be made and a new formula will be formed. A new substance will be made in the form of create and the new formula will be MgO. Apparatus *Goggles*Crucible and palpebra *Bench Mat*Tongs *Tripod* vary lengths of atomic number 12 ribbon *Bunsen burner*Scales * kao line triplicity*200g tilt Method wholly the machine was fortune up to tick that the experiment was carried out safely. Go ggles were careworn and the bench mat was couch in place in case e very sparks or parts of the experiment went incorrectly to protect our eyes and the work surface.The tripod and subway clay triangle were used to deem the crucible safely to a higher place the heat. The Bunsen burner was used to heat the magnesium and was set to a fierce blue ardor. The crucible held the atomic number 12 above the Bunsen burner, and the eyehat contained as lots smoke as possible to help the reaction to take place. The crucible eyehat and tongs were used to occasionally let in the oxygen and whence replace the lid safely. The apparatus was set up as above and as per the diagram to universe the experiment. I first checked the scales using a 200g weight to check their accuracy.When I weighed the 200g weight on the scales prior to the experiment the scales weighed in at 1. 038kg however, as this was a boastfully weight by comparison to my crucible I didnt account for this flimsy mensuration in my results as I decided it would make the calculations too dispirited as my crucible was altogether a fraction of the weight of 200g and so for the purposes of this experiment wouldnt alter my results enough to unloosen it. I then measured the crucible without the lid to find out its mass (22. 27g), once recorded I then measured the Magnesium ribbon (0. 9g) I then measured the two together to check the accuracy and got a mass of 22. 56g which meant my old measurements were reliable. The next step was to put the crucible with the magnesium inside and the lid on onto the pipe clay triangle above the fierce blue flame of the Bunsen burner. The lid remained on only if except for occasionally lifting it and quickly replacing it to let more oxygen into the magnesium only if to try and keep as much smoke in as possible. Once the Magnesium Oxide stopped grass when the lid was lift the experiment was double-dyed(a) and I turned off the flame and left the crucible to cool.Once cooled I weighed the crucible with the newly formed Magnesium oxide (22. 72g) and then was able to subtract my previous figure of 22. 56g from this to give a contravention of 0. 16g. This 0. 16g was my mass of Oxygen. Results It arouse be seen from the results that there is a direct relationship among the mass of Magnesium to start with and the mass of Oxygen in the Magnesium Oxide. victimization my results I worked out the proportionality betwixt Magnesium and Oxygen, from these results it suggests that the ratio is 1. 2 moles of Magnesium to 1 mole of Oxygen. However you cannot pretend 1. of an atom and so these results can be rounded up to a ratio of 11 which would reflect the comparability I had predicted of MgO. Conclusion The mass of Magnesium got heavier in my experiment by 0. 16g because the Magnesium joined with the Oxygen. Other scholarly persons result ranged from 0. 09 0. 46 and apart from one anomalous result the heavier the Magnesium was the higher the mass of Oxygen was. Each measure of Magnesium was only tried once and each measurement was done by an individual and so this may account for the stochastic breaks in our findings as shown on the graph, but general our results were sanely evenly spread.From the results I was able to plot a straight line graph by using a line of beat out picture which ran match to the suppositional line of best fit. My predictions for this experiment were right as the results show that the more Magnesium ribbon that was used the more oxygen was involveed to react with it and so the gradient was steady at close a 450 angle gradually increase in mass as the Magnesium mass increased. I would say there was one anomalous result as it was strongly downstairs the line of best fit but this can be put down to a number of things such as different scales beingness used, different people doing each result or simple human error.Our line of best fit was slightly below the theoretical line of best fit for t his experiment and I mainly believe this could be due to a authoritative error such as the scales we used not being precisely accurate. This may however account for the dogmatic error of the line of best fit being lower than the theoretical line as that slight change along with random errors may drop lowered the results but the results were still sensible as the line of best fit was parallel to the theoretical line meaning we had a eonian of the scales being slightly light. As can be seen from the results of our Spearmans rho and Chi Tests our results were in spite of appearance % of the theoretical results and so this suggests we did an accurate and logical test. We did the Spearmans rho test as this is a measure of the linear relationship between the two variables and shows us that there is a connection between our results and the theoretical ones. The Spearmans Rho test shows the accuracy of our results and our calculation came in at 98. 7% so it proves our results were v ery accurate. We did the Chi squared test as this determined whether there was a significant different between the theoretical frequencies and the observe/practical frequencies comparing the validity of the results.At least 95% result in the Chi-squared test would prove to be valid and our result was 99. 99% so it shows our results were emphatically valid according to the chi-squared test. We did the Spearmans and Chi-squared tests via the outperform calculations as shown on the table of results. evaluation Overall our results were very accurate but there were both(prenominal) random and regular errors which could be reduced or contumacious if we did further experiments. We could have done re-tests for all the Magnesium masses and taken a mean average of those results to get a more accurate reading this would perchance have reduced any systematic errors.I made the test fair by taking the measurements of the crucible and lid and keeping them the same so that I can compare th e results between the Magnesium and Oxygen. as well as if the same person had carried out each experiment instead of each student doing a different measurement it may have been more accurate as the method may have changed slightly between each student, for example, one person may have lifted the lid a lot more frequently of for longer periods than another.The difference in the scales will overly account for the systematic error as shown on the graph. Also the meter of smoke which was let out during each experiment will have varied between each student as the results were being gathered respectively and the amount of smoke which escaped may account for some random errors within our results which is wherefore our results are not all as in line as the theoretical results.And e had to find a line of best fit quite than a clear line which went through each individual result as the theory would suggest. If I were to do this experiment again I would repeat the tests with each mass o f Magnesium and take a mean average so as to achieve a more accurate result I would alike vouch that each mass of magnesium was the same as in our experiment some students turn the Magnesium up in the crucible and others ripped it into little strips.By placing the Magnesium in the crucible in different ways it may affect how much oxygen can get to the ribbon, if it is coiled up for example it may need to be prodded and moved to allow all the Magnesium to have exposure to the Oxygen whereas the smaller strips may be more exposed without as much intervention. On both accounts though if you do need to prod the magnesium in that while you may be letting a lot of smoke out as the lid would obviously need to be off the crucible and so this would also need to be taken into consideration.This is why if the magnesium was placed in the crucible in exactly the same way it would make the results more accurate. To take it one step further you could cartridge holder the lifting of the lid to make it more accurate, for example, lifting it every 30 seconds for a period of say 2 seconds would mean that each mass of Magnesium would be getting the same time exposed to the oxygen and so a more accurate reading of the amount of Oxygen it gains would be achieved if this was carried out with a stop watch.Also if I were to amend the investigation for next time I would increase the number of Magnesium hoi polloi used to gain a more accurate result and having more results would also make any anomalous results hold water out and also expose more random and systematic errors which could be dealt with.