Investigation for Magnesium Oxide

Hypothesis The idea I concern in to mental strain in this try knocked bulge(p) is the kinship betwixt the plenitude of magnesium and sess of group O once the magnesium has been cacoethes up and replyed with the oxygen. There testament be 3 varyings in this try. The independent vari commensurate go forth be the aggregated of magnesium ribbon as contrary meters will be taken and utilize for to individu eachy wiz trial.The aqui store variable will be the potty of magnesium Oxide, this is a measured variable as the multitude of oxygen stinker be calculated and will enable us to determine the exerciseula for atomic calculate 12 Oxide. The controlled variable is that the milligram utilize is whitethornhap from the homogeneous ribbon and after be cut into lengths was stored in the same bearing in plastic take aimers. Preliminary I origin bothy did a preliminary test with Iron wool where we used a similar method and Testthe crusade wool was held over the flack by tongs and not contained in spite of appearance a melting pot.We learnt from this examine the importance of the crucible to contain every(prenominal) of the metal for an absolute test because the iron wool broke transfer as it heated and we were left with a lot of the iron wool on the bench mats around the bunsen burner burner so our calculation of the passel of iron oxide was not exact as we had not contained completely the wool and couldnt accurately apprehend the pieces around that had come a expressive style, at that placefore no giving a true mass of Iron Oxide. Prediction I herald that when the magnesium and the oxygen combine and react in concert the magnesium will oxidise and become heavier.I conceptualize to conform to a straight gunstock prescript from these imparts as I believe the to a greater extent(prenominal) than(prenominal) magnesium at that place is the to a greater extent atomic number 8 it will take on to form the at omic number 12 Oxide and so believe the solvings should gradually get heavier and heavier as the magnesium gets heavier and heavier. The equality for this investigation would be Mg + O2 ?MgO which would equilibrise as 2Mg + O2 ? 2MgO. This is dvirtuoso as the atomic number 8 has two molecules which would want two milligram molecules to balance it out. The physical changes I inquire to take place be heat and light as I expect the milligram to change colour as it is heated up and reacts with the group O.The Chemical changes I expect to take place are that a spick-and-span substance will be made and a new formula will be formed. A new substance will be made in the form of create and the new formula will be MgO. Apparatus *Goggles*Crucible and palpebra *Bench Mat*Tongs *Tripod* vary lengths of atomic number 12 ribbon *Bunsen burner*Scales * kao line triplicity*200g tilt Method wholly the machine was fortune up to tick that the experiment was carried out safely. Go ggles were careworn and the bench mat was couch in place in case e very sparks or parts of the experiment went incorrectly to protect our eyes and the work surface.The tripod and subway clay triangle were used to deem the crucible safely to a higher place the heat. The Bunsen burner was used to heat the magnesium and was set to a fierce blue ardor. The crucible held the atomic number 12 above the Bunsen burner, and the eyehat contained as lots smoke as possible to help the reaction to take place. The crucible eyehat and tongs were used to occasionally let in the oxygen and whence replace the lid safely. The apparatus was set up as above and as per the diagram to universe the experiment. I first checked the scales using a 200g weight to check their accuracy.When I weighed the 200g weight on the scales prior to the experiment the scales weighed in at 1. 038kg however, as this was a boastfully weight by comparison to my crucible I didnt account for this flimsy mensuration in my results as I decided it would make the calculations too dispirited as my crucible was altogether a fraction of the weight of 200g and so for the purposes of this experiment wouldnt alter my results enough to unloosen it. I then measured the crucible without the lid to find out its mass (22. 27g), once recorded I then measured the Magnesium ribbon (0. 9g) I then measured the two together to check the accuracy and got a mass of 22. 56g which meant my old measurements were reliable. The next step was to put the crucible with the magnesium inside and the lid on onto the pipe clay triangle above the fierce blue flame of the Bunsen burner. The lid remained on only if except for occasionally lifting it and quickly replacing it to let more oxygen into the magnesium only if to try and keep as much smoke in as possible. Once the Magnesium Oxide stopped grass when the lid was lift the experiment was double-dyed(a) and I turned off the flame and left the crucible to cool.Once cooled I weighed the crucible with the newly formed Magnesium oxide (22. 72g) and then was able to subtract my previous figure of 22. 56g from this to give a contravention of 0. 16g. This 0. 16g was my mass of Oxygen. Results It arouse be seen from the results that there is a direct relationship among the mass of Magnesium to start with and the mass of Oxygen in the Magnesium Oxide. victimization my results I worked out the proportionality betwixt Magnesium and Oxygen, from these results it suggests that the ratio is 1. 2 moles of Magnesium to 1 mole of Oxygen. However you cannot pretend 1. of an atom and so these results can be rounded up to a ratio of 11 which would reflect the comparability I had predicted of MgO. Conclusion The mass of Magnesium got heavier in my experiment by 0. 16g because the Magnesium joined with the Oxygen. Other scholarly persons result ranged from 0. 09 0. 46 and apart from one anomalous result the heavier the Magnesium was the higher the mass of Oxygen was. Each measure of Magnesium was only tried once and each measurement was done by an individual and so this may account for the stochastic breaks in our findings as shown on the graph, but general our results were sanely evenly spread.From the results I was able to plot a straight line graph by using a line of beat out picture which ran match to the suppositional line of best fit. My predictions for this experiment were right as the results show that the more Magnesium ribbon that was used the more oxygen was involveed to react with it and so the gradient was steady at close a 450 angle gradually increase in mass as the Magnesium mass increased. I would say there was one anomalous result as it was strongly downstairs the line of best fit but this can be put down to a number of things such as different scales beingness used, different people doing each result or simple human error.Our line of best fit was slightly below the theoretical line of best fit for t his experiment and I mainly believe this could be due to a authoritative error such as the scales we used not being precisely accurate. This may however account for the dogmatic error of the line of best fit being lower than the theoretical line as that slight change along with random errors may drop lowered the results but the results were still sensible as the line of best fit was parallel to the theoretical line meaning we had a eonian of the scales being slightly light. As can be seen from the results of our Spearmans rho and Chi Tests our results were in spite of appearance % of the theoretical results and so this suggests we did an accurate and logical test. We did the Spearmans rho test as this is a measure of the linear relationship between the two variables and shows us that there is a connection between our results and the theoretical ones. The Spearmans Rho test shows the accuracy of our results and our calculation came in at 98. 7% so it proves our results were v ery accurate. We did the Chi squared test as this determined whether there was a significant different between the theoretical frequencies and the observe/practical frequencies comparing the validity of the results.At least 95% result in the Chi-squared test would prove to be valid and our result was 99. 99% so it shows our results were emphatically valid according to the chi-squared test. We did the Spearmans and Chi-squared tests via the outperform calculations as shown on the table of results. evaluation Overall our results were very accurate but there were both(prenominal) random and regular errors which could be reduced or contumacious if we did further experiments. We could have done re-tests for all the Magnesium masses and taken a mean average of those results to get a more accurate reading this would perchance have reduced any systematic errors.I made the test fair by taking the measurements of the crucible and lid and keeping them the same so that I can compare th e results between the Magnesium and Oxygen. as well as if the same person had carried out each experiment instead of each student doing a different measurement it may have been more accurate as the method may have changed slightly between each student, for example, one person may have lifted the lid a lot more frequently of for longer periods than another.The difference in the scales will overly account for the systematic error as shown on the graph. Also the meter of smoke which was let out during each experiment will have varied between each student as the results were being gathered respectively and the amount of smoke which escaped may account for some random errors within our results which is wherefore our results are not all as in line as the theoretical results.And e had to find a line of best fit quite than a clear line which went through each individual result as the theory would suggest. If I were to do this experiment again I would repeat the tests with each mass o f Magnesium and take a mean average so as to achieve a more accurate result I would alike vouch that each mass of magnesium was the same as in our experiment some students turn the Magnesium up in the crucible and others ripped it into little strips.By placing the Magnesium in the crucible in different ways it may affect how much oxygen can get to the ribbon, if it is coiled up for example it may need to be prodded and moved to allow all the Magnesium to have exposure to the Oxygen whereas the smaller strips may be more exposed without as much intervention. On both accounts though if you do need to prod the magnesium in that while you may be letting a lot of smoke out as the lid would obviously need to be off the crucible and so this would also need to be taken into consideration.This is why if the magnesium was placed in the crucible in exactly the same way it would make the results more accurate. To take it one step further you could cartridge holder the lifting of the lid to make it more accurate, for example, lifting it every 30 seconds for a period of say 2 seconds would mean that each mass of Magnesium would be getting the same time exposed to the oxygen and so a more accurate reading of the amount of Oxygen it gains would be achieved if this was carried out with a stop watch.Also if I were to amend the investigation for next time I would increase the number of Magnesium hoi polloi used to gain a more accurate result and having more results would also make any anomalous results hold water out and also expose more random and systematic errors which could be dealt with.